Chapter 7

Question 1

electrons outside nucleus are attracted to the __ in the nucleus

Answer 1

protons

Question 2

electrons propagate through space as an __ __

Answer 2

energy wave

Question 3

electromagnetic radiation propagates through space as a __ moving at the speed of __

Answer 3

wavelight

Question 4

1 nm = __ m

Answer 4

1 x 10^-9 m

Question 5

The __ of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the __ of the radiation

Answer 5

energyfrequency

Question 6

Long wavelength = __ frequency = __ energyShort wavelength = __ frequency = __ energy

Answer 6

low, lowhigh, high

Question 7

E = hv , E = energy in joules (__)

Answer 7

kg*m^2/s^2

Question 8

As the electron moves toward the nucleus, the wavelength __

Answer 8

shortens

Question 9

Shorter wavelength = __ energy = __ distance from the nucleus

Answer 9

highergreater

Question 10

Electron transitions involve __ of definite amounts of __. This produces __ of light with definite __

Answer 10

jumpsenergybandswavelengths

Question 11

Many elements give off characteristic __ which can be used to help identify them

Answer 11

light

Question 12

Flame Tests: __ red/orange, __ orange, __ orange/yellow, __ magenta, __ violet, __ green, __ yellow/green

Answer 12

strontium, calcium, sodium, lithium, potassium, copper, barium

Question 13

One cannot simultaneously determine both the position and momentum of an electron

Answer 13

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Question 14

More certain you are about where the electron is, the less certain you can be about where it is __ and vice versa

Answer 14

going

Question 15

Denotes the probable distance of the electron from the nucleus

Answer 15

Electron energy level (shell)

Question 16

Number of electrons that can fit in a shell (n)

Answer 16

2n^2

Question 17

region within an energy level where there is a probability of finding an electron

Answer 17

orbital

Question 18

the surface that contains 90% of the total electron probability

Answer 18

orbital shape

Question 19

S-orbitalShape:# of orientations:# of max electrons:

Answer 19

Shape: spherical# of orientations: 1# of max electrons: 2

Question 20

P-orbitalShape:# of orientations:# of max electrons:

Answer 20

Shape: dumbbell# of orientations: 3# of max electrons: 6

Question 21

D-orbitalShape:# of orientations:# of max electrons:

Answer 21

Shape: double dumbbell# of orientations: 5# of max electrons: 10

Question 22

F-orbitalShape:# of orientations:# of max electrons:

Answer 22

Shape: complex# of orientations: 7# of max electrons: 14

Question 23

Number of electrons per main energy level:n=1:n=2:n=3:n=4:

Answer 23

n=1: 2n=2: 8n=3: 18n=4: 32

Question 24

2 electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spins

Answer 24

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 25

E(ns) __ E(np) __ E(nd) __ E(nf)

Answer 25

E(ns)

Question 26

Most chemically reactive metals are found on the __ __ hand side of the table, where the __ __ is smallest

Answer 26

lower leftionization energy

Question 27

Most chemically reactive nonmetals are found on the __ __ hand side of the table, where the __ __ is largest

Answer 27

upper rightionization energy

Question 28

Half the distance between nuclei in covalently bonded diatomic molecule

Answer 28

atomic radius

Question 29

Atomic radius __ across a period. Increased __ __ __ due to __ shielding

Answer 29

decreaseseffective nuclear chargedecreased

Question 30

Atomic radius __ down a group. Each row on the periodic table adds an __ __ to the atom

Answer 30

increasesenergy level

Question 31

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Increases for successive electrons taken from the same atom

Answer 31

Ionization energy

Question 32

Ionization energy tends to __ across a period. Electrons in the same quantum level don't __ as effectively as electrons in inner level

Answer 32

increaseshield

Question 33

Ionization energy tends to __ down a group. Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and __ to remove

Answer 33

decreaseeasier

Question 34

The energy change associated with the addition of an electron

Answer 34

Electron affinity

Question 35

Electron affinity tends to __ across a period

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

Electron affinity tends to __ down a group. Electrons farther from the nucleus experience __ nuclear attraction

Answer 36

decreaseless

Question 37

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons

Answer 37

electronegativity

Question 38

Electronegativity tends to __ across a period. As radius decreases, electrons get __ to the bonding atom's nucleus

Answer 38

increasecloser

Question 39

Electronegativity tends to __ down a group or __ __ __. As radius increases, electrons are __ from the bonding atom's nucleus

Answer 39

decreaseremain the samefarther

Question 40

__ radius decrease across a period, __ are bigger to the left and become smaller

Answer 40

cationsanions

Question 41

Positively charged ions formed when an atom of a metal loses one or more electrons. __ than the corresponding atom

Answer 41

cationssmaller

Question 42

Negatively charged ions formed when non metallic atoms gain one or or more electrons. __ than the corresponding atom

Answer 42

anionslarger

Question 43

Attraction that occurs between oppositely charged particles. (__ in nucleus to __ surrounding the nucleus)

Answer 43

Coulombic attractionprotonselectrons

Question 44

Net positive charge "felt" by the valence electron. Takes into account attractive forces felt b/w the protons and electrons, as well as the repulsive forces felt b/w valence electrons and core electrons

Answer 44

Effective nuclear charge

Question 45

Electrons intervening b/w nucleus and valence electrons are said to __ the valence electrons from the nucleus so that the valence electrons don'e experience the full __ __ of the positive nuclear charge

Answer 45

shieldattractive pull

Question 46

Coulombic attraction __ across a period. There are the same # of __ __, but there are more __ resulting in a greater attraction of valence electrons to the nucleus

Answer 46

increasesenergy levelsprotons

Question 47

Coulombic attraction __ down a group. There are more __ __, more __ between valence electrons resulting in a weaker attraction of outer electrons to the nucleus

Answer 47

decreasesenergy levelsdistance

Question 48

__ __ is when it loses electrons and creates a positive ion

Answer 48

ionization energy

Question 49

Most half-filled orbitals, most unpaired electrons

Answer 49

paramagnetic

Question 50

Most protons, most effective nuclear charge

Answer 50

isoelectronic

Question 51

List the electromagnetic radiation from the longest to the shortest wavelengths (7)

Answer 51

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays