Chapter 7 Flashcards
There are 8 types of herpes, what are they? What animals does herpes affect?
• Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1 or HHV-1)
• Herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2 or HHV-2)
• Varicella-zoster virus (VZV or HHV-3)
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV-4)
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV-5)
• HHV-6
• HHV-7
• Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8)
2. Only Humans
Where is type 1 herpes usually found? It has two names depending upon age, what are they? Which nerve is affected?
- Above the waist locations (oral herpes)
- o Younger = Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
o 18+ = Pharyngotonsillitis - Trigemina Ganglion
Where is type 2 herpes usually found? Which nerve is affected?
- Below the waist locations (genital herpes)
2. Sacral Ganglion
80% of type 1 and 2 herpes have _____ symptoms? What is seen/felt 6-24 hours before the lesion develops?
- Asymptomatic
2. Prodrome (pain, burning, itching, tingling)
What is an HSV-1 infection of the thumb and fingers? Found in wrestlers or rugby players? Over the bearded region? Herpes is also the leading cause of what in the US?
- Herpetic whitlow
- Herpes gladiatorum (scrumpox)
- Herpes barbae
- Leading infectious cause of blindness in the United States.
Histologically how do you detect HSV? (3 things) How do you treat HSV?
o Multinucleation
o “Ballooning degeneration”
♣ Acantholysis
♣ Nuclear clearing
♣ Nuclear enlargement
o “Tzanck cells”
♣ “free floating” epithelial cells in an intraepithelial vesicle
2. Antivirals (acyclovir)What type of herpes is associated with chickenpox? What is the reoccurrence form of this? What is the name of the syndrome associated with this virus, cutaneous lesions of the external auditory canal/auditory nerves, facial paralysis, hearing deficits and vertigo?
- Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)
- Shingles
- Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Recurrent Herpes Simplex intraoral lesions most often occur on what surfaces?
Keratinized, bound mucosa (palate/attached gingiva)
What is the most common disease resulting from Epstein-Barr Virus exposure? How do you diagnose EBV?
- Infectious Mononucleosis (“Kissing Disease”)
2. Presence of Paul-Bunnell heterophil antibodies
What is HHV-5? In what patients is this common in? What does this look like histologically?
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Common in AIDS patients (90% of normal individuals are
- “owl eye” cell
What occurs in nearly half of reported cases occur in infants younger than 1y and are usually from a fecal-oral route? What three viruses fall under this category? What three things are caused by this?
- Enterovirus
- o Echoviruses, o Coxsackievirus, o Poliovirus
- o Herpangina, o Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, o Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis **(All of these are Coxsackievirus)
What is a skin rash that begins as red macules, along with sore throat, fever and dysphagia? What resembles those symptoms of herpangina, but larger and more numerous? What represents hyperplastic lymphoid aggregates?
- Herpangina
- Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease
- Acute Lymphonodular Pharyngitis
What virus causes Rubeola/Measles? What are the 3 c’s of the 1st stage of this disease? The first stage of this also has multiple areas of mucosal erythema with numerous, small, blue-white macules, what are these called? What happens during the second stage? Third stage?
- Paramyxovirus
- o Coryza (runny nose), o Cough, o Conjunctivitis
- Koplik’s Spots
- 2nd Stage: Spots fade, maculopapular & erythematous (morbilliform) rash begins.
- 3rd Stage: Brown pigment
What has the capacity to induce birth defects, arthritis is the most common complaint and also has a vaccine? What virus is this caused by? What are the small, discrete, dark-red papules on the palate caused by this? Congenital Rubella Syndrome causes what triad of symptoms?
- Rubella (German Measles)
- Togavirus
- Forchheimer’s sign
- Deafness (80%), Heart disease and Cataracts
What is the disease of exocrine glands, causes significant salivary gland changes, along with epididymorchitis, spontaneous abortions and exhibit edema and lymphocytic infiltration?
- Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis)
