Chapter 7 Flashcards
Acute Responses to Exercise (45 cards)
Acute
Immediate
Physiological
Changes in the body
Acute responses
Immediate, but short term physiological changes that occur to meet the demands of ATP needed for exercise
-the level of response depends on duration and intensity
Respiratory system
comprises of lungs, and airways (trachea and bronchi)
responsible for directing oxygen to the working muscles and the removal of waste products such as co2 from our cells
diffusion
exchange of oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries
occurs in the muscles at the tissue (capillary interface)
oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries from a place of high pressure to low pressure
the co2 then moves from the blood and into the alveoli
in the muscles oxygen diffuses from the bloodstream to the muscle and co2 diffuses from the muscles to the bloodstream
respiratory Rate
number of breaths per minute
increases at the onset of exercise
12-15 breaths at rest
40-50 breaths during exercise
respiration
process of gas exchange from the external environment and our bodies tissues
gaseous exchange
process of distributing o2 and collecting co2 around the body
ventilation rate
volume of air that an individual breathes per min
litres/min
increase in tidal volume or respiratory rate will cause an increase in ventilation
ventilation=tidal volume x respiratory rate
at rest values depend on size and gender, females 4L males 6L
during exercise, increases to 15-30 times greater than at rest
ventilation=
tidal volume x respiratory rate
Tidal volume
amount of air breathed in and out per breath
litres/breath
during exercise, tidal volume increases allowing more oxygen to enter the lungs
tidal volume will plateau at a high intensity, not maximal, thus after the plateau, the increase in ventilation is due to respiratory rate
respiratory responses
ventilation rate diffusion vo2 respiration rate tidal volume
cardiovascular system
comprises of heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood and blood vessels
this system is a regulator of oxygen and fuel delivery to all body cells
during exercise this system focuses on moving blood to the working muscles to deliver oxygen and remove waste at a quicker pace
heart rate
number of times an individuals heart beats per minute
beats/min
during exercise heart rate increases to meet ATP demands by increasing the circulation of blood. thus more o2 can be delivered to the working muscles
as intensity increases, so does heart rate
at rest hr is usually between 60-80 bpm
limitations of measuring heart rate
affected by other variables such a fatigue, hydration, temperature, altitude and illness
maximum heart rate =
220 - age(years)
stroke volume
volume of blood that leaves the left ventricle of the heart per beat
mL/beat
as heart beats more forcefully, stroke volume increases
by increasing sv more blood can be circulated around the body resulting in more blood being transferred to the working muscles
-athletes can train to increase volume of blood
untrained individual SV
60-70mL/beat at rest
110-130mL/beat during max. exercise
trained athlete SV
80-110mL/beat at rest
160-200mL/beat during max. exercise
when does SV plateau
at around 50%of max hr due to the size limited left ventricle
-affected by genetics/training
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
L/min
CO is the product of HR and SV
often increases to a steady constant state or increases linearly with increasing intensity up to exhaustion
often the heart rate and stroke volume will be equal size but work in opposite directions this cardiac output stays constant to keep up demands in exercise
at rest CO= 4-6L/min
cardiac output=
heart rate x stroke volume
blood pressure
the pressure exerted against arterial wall
during exercise an increase in CO results in an increased BP because there is more blood pushing against the artery walls
it becomes an indication of how hard the heart is beating
systolic pressure
pressure in the arteries after blood has been pumped out of the heart
increased with exercise
