Chapter 7 & 8 Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Anabolism can…

A

Make larger, more chemically complex molecules & use glucose to make glycogen (requires energy)

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2
Q

Catabolism can…

A

Breakdown larger molecules into smaller ones & convert protein into amino acids (energy released)

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3
Q

When cells catabolize macronutrients, the energy is packaged as…

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

NAD and NADP are derivatives of the B-vitamin…

A

Niacin

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5
Q

NAD and NADP function as…

A

Coenzymes

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6
Q

Lactate (lactic acid) characteristics

A

Production occurs in the muscle cells during high intensity exercise & Lactate diffuses from the muscles and is transported to the liver

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7
Q

TCA/Kreb’s cycle characteristics

A

The pathway occurs in the mitochondria of the cell & it is a continuous circle of eight metabolic reactions

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8
Q

Fatty acids can be converted to…

A

Glucose

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9
Q

Ketone bodies are…

A

Alternative metabolic pathway triggered by inadequate carbohydrate intake; resultant build-up of acetyl-CoA

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10
Q

Glycolysis is the…

A

Conversion of glucose to pyruvate

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11
Q

Deamination is the…

A

Removal of nitrogen required if amino acids are going to be used for energy

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12
Q

Lipolysis is the…

A

Catabolism of triglycerides

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13
Q

Traits of prolonged fasting/starvation

A

The brain starts using ketone bodies as fuel source & muscle protein is sacrificed to provide a source of glucose

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14
Q

Types of B vitamins (4)

A

Thiamin, Folate, Pantothenic acid, and Riboflavin

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15
Q

Best sources of the B-complex vitamins

A

Lean meats & whole grains

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16
Q

Why do B vitamins boost energy?

A

B-vitamins are coenzymes that help the body metabolize macronutrients through reactions in the energy metabolism pathway & taking B-vitamins does not boost your energy level unless you are deficient

17
Q

Without vitamin B6, all amino acids would be essential, because…

A

Vitamin B6 is converted to the coenzyme PLP which is active in amino acid metabolism & the coenzyme PLP aids in the synthesis of non-essential amino acids by playing a role in transamination

18
Q

Vitamin B12 trait

A

This vitamin helps maintain the myelin sheath and can be stored in the liver

19
Q

Thiamin trait

A

Ability to metabolize carbohydrate is diminished when lacking

20
Q

Niacin trait

A

High dose supplements can lead to flushing

21
Q

Folate trait

A

Deficiency can cause macrocytic anemia

22
Q

People most at risk for developing Vitamin B deficiencies

A

Alcoholics who do not have an adequate dietary intake & individuals with a poor dietary intake

23
Q

Vitamin definition

A

Organic micronutrient compounds essential for regulating body processes; classified as water soluble or fat soluble

24
Q

Megadosing definition

A

Taking a dose of a nutrient that is 10 or more times greater than the recommended amount

25
RDA definition
The average daily nutrient intake levels that meets the nutrient requirements of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
26
UL definition
The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
27
Intracellular fluid definition
The fluid held at any given time within the walls of the body’s cells
28
Extracellular fluid definition
The fluid outside of the body’s cells, either in the body’s tissues (interstitial fluid) or as the liquid portion of the blood or lymph (intravascular fluid)