Chapter 7 & 8 Flashcards
what did Charles Martel found? Who was he? When? Where?
He is the founder of feudalism and he laid the groundwork for the Carolingian empire. He was a Frankish military and political leader. Lived from 688-748 in Christian West.
Name the five pillars of Islam.
- Prayer 5 times a day
- Belief in Allah, Muhammad, and his Prophets
- Observance if Ramadan by fasting
- Pilgrimage to Mecca - one per lifetime
- Give alms to poor
What did Justinian control? When did he reign? Where? What was his significant accomplishment?
Justinian was emperor, constantine’s nephew. Controlled the Christian east. He reigned during 527-565. Built hospitals, monasteries, and most importantly the Hagia Sophia - Church of holy wisdom. Had a compilation of roman laws written called the Corpus Iuris Civilis which used in west and became basis of legal system in Europe.
What is Heresy? Where did it occur? When? What resulted?
Doctrinal differences in religion also became political issues, Creating separation that warred with each other. Happened in Christian east.
And major heresy is Arianism. There was a controversy over the Divinity of Jesus and the humanity of Jesus. The council of Nicaea (325) condemned Arianism and stated that Jesus was of the same substance of God. These 4th-century controversies led to the Roman Emperor playing an increasing role in church affairs.
Who was Romulus Augustus? When did he reign? Where? What did the end if his reign signify?
He was the child emperor of Rome who was used as a figure head for his father. He ruled from 475-476 until he was deposed by German odoacer. The end of his reign signified the end of the Roman Empire.
Who were the Shi’ites? When did they emerge? Where did they emerge? What affect did they have on Muslim religion?
The Shi’ites were those who only accepted descendants of Ali, Muhammad’s son in law as descendants from Muhammad. The 7th century split between Sunnis and Shiites continues today. This split creates deep tension between the two different believers in the Muslim religion.
Who was st. Augustine of hippo? When was he born? Where did he live? What did he accomplish?
St. Augustine was a prominent Latin priest . Lived from 354-430. He established church’s views on sexual desire. Abstinence led to true holiness and sex in marriage was purely for procreation. Born in North Africa.
Who was St. Benedict of Nursia? What did he accomplish? Where, when?
St. Benedict founded a monastic hide for which he wrote a set of rules between 520 and 530. He est the fundamental firm if monastic life in the western Christian church in the western Christian world. Born between 480-543.
Who was Alcuin? What was he known for? What did he accomplish? Where did he do this and when?
Alcuin was a great scholar who came to the Carolingian court to study at Charlemagne’s palace school. From 782-796, he studied ecclesiastical affairs, and was a leader at the school. He taught liberal arts which became the basis for all later medieval education.
