Chapter 7 & 8

Question 1

Components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

• Bone
• Cartilages
• Joints
• Ligaments

Question 2

Functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

• Support body tissues
• Protect organs
• Move the body
• Store minerals and growth hormones
• Make blood cells

Question 3

Two Major divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 3

• Axial

- Appendicular

Question 4

Components of the axial skeletal system?

Answer 4

• Skull
• Vertebral column
• Bony thorax

Question 5

Two subdivisions of the skull

Answer 5

• Cranial

- Facial

Question 6

Function of the Cranium

Answer 6

• Protect the brain

- Muscle Attachment

Question 7

Function of the facial bones

Answer 7

• Provides framework for face
• Houses sensory organs
• Muscle attachment
• Secures teeth
• Provides passages for nerves and vessels

Question 8

Different anatomical features of the cranium?

Answer 8

• Vault (calvaria)

- Floor (Base)

Question 9

List the cranial bones which are paired and which are not?

Answer 9

-Paired
–Temporal
–Parietal
NOT PAIRED
-Frontal
-Occipital
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid

Question 10

Keystone bone of the cranium?

Answer 10

Sphenoid

Question 11

How are the cranial bones articulated?

Answer 11

By sutures except the mandible

The mandible is a synovial joint and articules with the temporal bone

Question 12

Frontal

Answer 12

Anterior portion of cranium
-Squama
-Glabella
-Sinus
-Zygomatic process
-Supraorbital margin 
-subraorbital foramen/notch
-Orbital plate
Forms anterior cranial fossa

Question 13

Parietal

Answer 13

-Forms supralateral part of cranium and all four major sutures.

Question 14

Temporal

Answer 14

-Inferolateral aspect
Four parts (regions):
-Sqaumous
-Petrous 
-Mastoid
-Tympanic
Markings
-Zygomatic process
-Mandibular fossa
-Mastoid process
-Stolid Process
-Internal and external acoustic (auditory) meatuses
- Carotid canal
Forms jugular foramen with occipital bone and foramen lacerum with the sphenoid bone. 
-Forms middle cranial fossa

Question 15

Occipital Bone

Answer 15

Posterior Aspect

• Occipital condyles
• Superior and inferior nuchal lines
• External occipital protuberance
• Foramen magnum
• Hypoglossal canals
• Forms posterior cranial fossa

Question 16

Ethmoid

Answer 16

Located between orbits

• Crista galli
• Cribriform plate with olfactory foramina
• Sinuses
• Orbital plate
• Perpendicular plate
• middle and superior nasal conchae

Question 17

Sphenoid

Answer 17

"Keystone"
Wedge shaped
-Forms floor of cranium
-Greater and lesser wings
-Pterygoid processes
-Sella turcica with hypophyseal fossa
-sinuses
-Body
-Foramen rotundum, ovale, and spinosum
-Optic canals
also forms superior orbital fissures

Question 18

Cavities of the skull and what the contain

Answer 18

• Cranial (Brain)
• Orbit (Eye)
• Middle ear (Ossicles for hearing)
• Nasal (Sensory for smell)
• Oral (tongue and sensory for taste, teeth)

Question 19

Name the sutures of the cranium and which bones articulate to form them

Answer 19

Coronal - Frontal with parietals
Lambdoid - Occipital with parietals
Squamous(squamosal) - Temporal with parietal
Sagittal - Parietals together

Question 20

Facial Bones. Which are pair? which are not?

Answer 20

Pair
-Zygomatic 
-Palatine
-Nasal
-Lacrimal
-maxillae
-inferior nasal conchae
Non Paired
-Vomer
-Mandible

Question 21

Keystone for facial bones

Answer 21

Maxillae

Question 22

How are each of the facial bones articulared together

Answer 22

By sutures except for the mandible

Question 23

Mandible

Markings

Answer 23

Body
Ramus
Condyle 
Coronoid process
Notch
angle
Alveolar process
Mandibular foramen
mental foramen

Question 24

Maxillae

Answer 24

Zygomatic
Frontal and palatine processes
Infraorbital foramen
alveolar process
Sinuses
-Forms the inferior orbital fissures

Question 25

Seven bones that form the orbit?

Answer 25

``` Zygomatic Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxilla Frontal Lacrimal Palatine ```

Question 26

Bones that contain the paranasal sinsues

Answer 26

Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillae

Question 27

Function of the Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 27

Resonate speech Warm and Moisten air Lighten skull

Question 28

What is the only unarticulated bone in the body is?

Answer 28

Hyoid

Question 29

Function of the Hyoid bone

Answer 29

Attachment for tongue and other soft tissue structures such as the larynx

Question 30

How many vertebrae form the vertebral column

Answer 30

``` 26 Vertebrae -7 Cervical -12 thoracic -5 lumbar -Sacrum -Coccyx 33 if consider the fused vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx as separate bones ```