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Human Anatomy > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the interaction of skeletal muscles?

A

They can work together or opposite to undo each other’s movements. They also can only ever pull on bones, they cannot push. They pull in a way that the insertion will move towards the origin.

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2
Q

List and describe the functional groups of skeletal muscles?

A

Prime Mover (Agonist) - provides the most force for a particular action

  • Antagonist - Opposes or reverses a particular action
  • Synergists - Muscle that are ‘on” or contracting, together. Help prime movers or reduce undesirable movement
  • Fixators - Synergist that immobilize a bone
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3
Q

Describe the various ways the skeletal muscles are named?

A
  • Location - Where it is on the body
  • Shape
  • Size
  • Direction of the fibers - Transversus, Oblique, Rectus
  • Number of origins - how many heads form the nuscles origin
  • Location of the attachment
  • Action the muscle will perform
  • Any combination of the above
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4
Q

List and describe the arrangement of fascicles in skeletal muscles?

A

Circular - Usually a round muscle with fibers in a circular pattern

  • Convergent - fibers start at a broad origin and run to a common point
  • parallel - fibers running in the same direction along a long, strap-like muscle
  • Fusiform - Fibers running in the same direction along a long muscle with a thicker middle portion
  • Pinnate - obliquely running fibers, Uni- one set Bi- two sets; Multi - Three or more sets
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5
Q

List and describe the three components to a lever system?

A

Lever - Bar that rotates around a point; our bones

Fulcrum - point in which the lever rotates about; our joints

Force - Effort - a force that provides the movement - our muscle Load - Mass being moved - our body mass and potentially an external object

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6
Q

Frontalis

A

Origin: Galea aponeurotice
Insertion : Eyebrow
Primary Action : Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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7
Q

Occipitalis

A

Origin: Occipital and Temporal Bones
Insertion: Galea aponeurotica
Primary Action: Pull scalp posteriorly

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8
Q

Oribicularis oculi

A

Origin : frontal and maxillary bones
Insertion: eyelids
Primary action: blinking and squinting

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9
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Origin : maxilla and mandible
Insertion : Muscle and skin of mouth
Primary action: Closes, purses and protrudes lipds

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10
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin : Molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: orbicularis oris
Primary action: Draws corners of mouth laterally, chewing

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11
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin : Temporal bone
Insertion : Mandible
Primary action : Elevates and retracts mandible

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12
Q

Masseter

A

Origin : Zygomatic Arch/Maxilla
Insertion : mandible
Primary action: Primary elevator of mandible

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13
Q

Digastric

A

Origin : Temporal bone and mandible
Insertion : hyoid
Primary action : swollowing and speech

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14
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Origin : Mandible
Insertion : Hyoid
Primary action : Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

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15
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin : Sternum
Insertion : hyoid
Primary action : Depresses hyoid and larynx

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16
Q

Sternothyoid

A

Origin : Sternum
Insertion : Thyroid cartilage
Primary action : Pulls thyroid cartilage inferiorly

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17
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Origin : Thyroid Cartilage
Insertion : Hyoid
Primary action : Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

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18
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin : Sternum/Clavicle
Insertion: Temporal and Occipital bones
Primary action : Both - neck flexion; Singular - rotates head to opposite side

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19
Q

Scalenes (anterior, medial, posterior)

A

Origin : cervicle
Insertion : Ribs 1 & 2
Primary action : Elevates ribs 1 , 2; flex and rotate neck

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20
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Both - extend/hyperextend head ; single -rotate and lateral flexion

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21
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Both - extend/hyperextend head ; single -rotate and lateral flexion

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22
Q

lliocostalis cervicis

A

Both - extend vertebral column; single - lateral flexion

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23
Q

lliocostalis thoracis

A

Both - extend vertebral column; single - lateral flexion

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24
Q

lliocostalis lumborum

A

Both - extend vertebral column; single - lateral flexion

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25
Longissimus capitis
Both - extend head; single turns head
26
Longissimus Cervicis
Both - extend head; single turns head
27
Longissimus Thoracis
Both - extend head; single turns head
28
Spinalis thoracis
Extends vertebral column
29
spinalis cervicis
Extend vertebral column
30
Multifidus
Origin : Vertebra Insertion : 2-3 vertebrae above origin Primary action : Stabiliztion and roatation of vertebral column
31
Diaphragm
Origin : Inferior surface of rib cage Insertion : Central Tendon Primary action : Inspiration (flattens on contraction)
32
External intercostal
Primary action : elevates rib cages (inspiration)
33
Internal intercostal
Primary action : Depresses rib cages (forced expiration)
34
Rectus Adbominis
Origin : Pubic bone Insertion : Xiphoid and Costal cartilage Primary action : Flex, Rotate trunk; compress wall
35
External Oblique
Insertion : Linea alba | Primary action : flex and compress wall; rotation and lateral flex
36
internal oblique
Insertion : linea alba | Primary action : Flex and compress wall ; rotation and lateral flex
37
Transversus abdominis
Insertion : linea alba | Primary action : compresses abdomen
38
Pectoralis minor
Origin : Ribs 3 - 5 Insertion : Scapula Primary action : Draws scapula forward and down or ribcage superiorly
39
Serratus anterior
Primary action : Holds scapula to thorax
40
Trapezius
Origin : Occipital bone and Thoracic vertebrae Insertion : Scapula and clavicle Primary action : Stabilizes, raises, roatates and retracts scapula
41
Levator scapulae
Origin : cervical vertebrae Insertion : Scapula Primary action : elevates and adducts scapula
42
Rhomboid major
Origin : Thoracic vertebrae Insertion : Scapula Primary action : Retracts scapula
43
Rhomboid Minor
Origin : C7 and T1 Insertion : scapula Primary action : Retracts scapula
44
Pectoralis major
Origin : clavicle, sternum and costal cartilag Insertion : Humerus Primary action : Prime mover of arm flexion; rotation and adduction
45
Latissimus dorsi
Origin : Vertebral column, ribs, and llium Insertion : Humerus Primary action : Prime mover of arm abduction; flexion and rotation of arm
46
Deltoid
Origin : Clavicle and scapula Insertion : Humerus Primary action : Prime mover of arm abduction; flexion and roatation of arm
47
Subscapularis
Primary action : Stabilizes shoulder
48
Supraspinatus
Primary action : Stabilizes shoulder
49
Infraspinatus
Primary action : stabilizes shoulder
50
Teres minor
Origin : Scapula Insertion : Humerus Primary action : extension, rotation and adduction of arm
51
Teres Major
Origin : scapula Insertion : Humerus Primary action : Extension, rotation and adduction of arm
52
Triceps brachii
Origin : Scapula and humerus Insertion : ulna Primary action : forearm extensor
53
Biceps brachii
Origin : scapula Insertion : radius Primary action : flexes elbow and supinates
54
Branchialis
origin : scapula Insertion : radius Primary action : Flexes forearm
55
Brachioradialis
Origin : Humerus Insertion : Radius Primary action : Aids in forearm flexion
56
Pronator teres
Primary action : Pronation
57
Subinator
Primary action : supination
58
lliacus
Origin : llium and sacrum Insertion : Femur Primary action : Prime mover for thigh/trunk flexion
59
Psoas major
Origin : Lumbar vertebrae insertion : femur Primary action : prime mover for thightrunk flexion
60
Sartorius
Origin : llium Insertion : tibia Primary action : Flexes and abducts thigh
61
Abductor magnus
Origin : llium insertion : Tibia Primary action : Adducts
62
Adductor Longus
Origin : Pubis Insertion : Femur Primary action : Adducts thigh
63
Gracilis
Origin : pubis Insertion : Tibia Primary action : Adducts thigh
64
Gluteus maximus
Origin : pelvis Insertion : femur Primart action : Major extensor of thigh
65
Gluteus medius
Origin : llium insertion : femur Primary action : Abducts thigh
66
Gluteus minimus
Origin : llium Insertion : femur Primary action : Abducts thigh
67
Tensor Fasciae latae
Origin : llium Insertion : lliotibial tract Primary action : flexes abducts thigh
68
Rectus femoris
origin : llium insertion : patella Primary action : extends knee; flexes thigh at hip
69
Vastus lateralis
Origin : femus Insertion : patella Primary action : extends and stabilizes knee
70
Vastus medialis
Origin : femur Insertion : patella Primary action : extends knee
71
Vastus intermedius
Origin : femur Insertion : patella Primary action : extends knee
72
Biceps femoris
Origin : ischium and femus Insertion : fibula and tibia primary action : extends thigh and flexes knee
73
semimembranosus
Origin : ischium Insertion Tibia Primary action : extends thigh and flexes knee
74
Semitendinosus
Origin : ischium Insertion : tibia primary action : extends thigh and flexes knee

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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