Chapter 7

Question 1

When were cells really understood?

Answer 1

When the microscope was invented.

Question 2

Where did cells get their name?

Answer 2

Called cells because they look like monk rooms.

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The basic unit of life.

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 5

What has helped study the cell?

Answer 5

New technologies.

Question 6

TEM

Answer 6

It can look at cell structures and large proteins.

Question 7

SEM

Answer 7

It can give 3D images.

Question 8

Scanning Probe

Answer 8

Scans the surface of a specimen.

Question 9

Prokaryote

Answer 9

The cell does not contain a nucleus.
Smaller and simple.
Mostly Bacteria.

Question 10

Eukaryote

Answer 10

Cells that have a nucleus.

Usually larger and more complex.

Question 11

What is eukaryote like?

Answer 11

A factory.

Question 12

Organelles

Answer 12

“Little Organisms”

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

Control Center

Contains DNA.

Question 14

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 14

Surrounds the nucleus and only lets certain material in.

Question 15

Chromatin

Answer 15

Lunchroom

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

Seating Chart

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

A small, dense region full of ribosomes to make proteins.

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

“Factory” for making proteins.

Question 19

ER

Answer 19

Packages lipids, proteins, and other materials.

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

Contains ribosomes.

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

It mostly contains enzymes.

Question 22

Enzyme

Answer 22

Proteins that speed up a chemical reaction.

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

The function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials for storage or secretion.

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

Clean up and digestion crew.

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

Sack-like structures for storage.

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

``` The powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP (energy molecule). ```

Question 27

Chloroplast

Answer 27

In-plant cells. Capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll. Contain their own DNA.

Question 28

Cytoplasm

Answer 28

Gives shape and internal organization.

Question 29

Microfilaments

Answer 29

The framework of a cell.

Question 30

Microtubials

Answer 30

Maintain cell shape and movement.

Question 31

Cilla

Answer 31

Small, more abundant.

Question 32

Flagella

Answer 32

Longer, less abundant.

Question 33

Cell Membrane

Answer 33

Every cell contains it.

Question 34

Cell Wall

Answer 34

The main function is support and protection.

Question 35

What kind of environment does every cell live in?

Answer 35

Liquid

Question 36

Concentration

Answer 36

Mass of solute in a given volume of solution.

Question 37

Equilibrium

Answer 37

The concentration of solute is the same throughout.

Question 38

Passive Transport

Answer 38

Moving without using energy.

Question 39

Diffusion

Answer 39

Movement of high to low concentration without using energy.

Question 40

Osmosis

Answer 40

Diffusion of water.

Question 41

Isotonic

Answer 41

Same on both sides of the cell.

Question 42

Hypertonic

Answer 42

High concentration in the cell, causes water to leave the cell.

Question 43

Hypotonic

Answer 43

Lower concentration in the cell, causes water to enter the cell.

Question 44

What does osmotic pressure cause?

Answer 44

The movement of water and other materials.

Question 45

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 45

Helping material from high to low concentration.

Question 46

Active Transport

Answer 46

Moving material from high to low concentration using energy.

Question 47

Endocytosis

Answer 47

Taking material into a cell.

Question 48

Phagocytosis

Answer 48

"Cell Eating"

Question 49

Pinocytosis

Answer 49

"Cell Drinking"

Question 50

Exocytosis

Answer 50

Taking material out of a cell.

Question 51

Unicellular

Answer 51

Single-cell.

Question 52

Multicellular

Answer 52

Multiple cells.

Question 53

Cell Specialization

Answer 53

Cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks.

Question 54

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Answer 54

Transport oxygen.

Question 55

Levels of Organization in a Multicellular Organism

Answer 55

Cells: Basic unit of life. Tissues: Group of cells that have a specific function. Organs: Group of tissues that have a certain job. Organ System: Group of organs that have a specific function. Organism: Living thing.