chapter 7-9

Question 1

2 types of courts in the US

Answer 1

federal court system
united states supreme court

Question 2

state judicial structures, most states have at least 3 court levels, generally referred to as trial courts, appellate courts and a state supreme court

Answer 2

state court system

Question 3

territory, subject matter, or persons over which lawful authority may be exercised by a court or other justice agency, as determined by statute or constitution

Answer 3

jurisdiction

Question 4

famous case that deals with jurisdiction that everyone in the area is familiar with

Answer 4

derek chauvin

Question 5

authority of a given court over a specific geographic or over particular types of cases

Answer 5

original jurisdiction

Question 6

lawful authority of a court to review made by a lower court

Answer 6

appellate jurisdiction

Question 7

where criminal cases begin, conduct arraignments, sets bail, take pleas, conduct trials

Answer 7

state trial courts

Question 8

trial courts of limited or special jurisdiction are also called ______ courts

Answer 8

lower

Question 9

request that a court with appellate jurisdiction review, decision, or order of a lower court and set it aside or modify it

Answer 9

appeal

Question 10

decisions can be affirmed, reversed, or remanded

Answer 10

correct, incorrect, lower court incorrect sending back to them for further review

Question 11

federal judiciary consists of 3 levels

Answer 11

1. us district courts
2. us courts of appeals
3. us supreme court

Question 12

how many judicial districts are there?

Answer 12

94

Question 13

appeals which have little substance, raise no significant issues, and are quickly disposed of

Answer 13

frivolous

Question 14

appeals which are brought primarily because of the demands of the litigants, even if the chances are very slim of reversal

Answer 14

ritualistic

Question 15

appeals which entail major questions of the law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement, reversal is of the highest probability

Answer 15

nonconsensual

Question 16

how many justices on the supreme court?

Answer 16

9 with 1 as chief justices

Question 17

power of a court to review actions and decisions made by other agencies of gov

Answer 17

judicial review

Question 18

decisions are not usually unanimous since

Answer 18

theres more republican justices than democratic 6 to 3

Question 19

first appearance is within 48 hours and the defendent is..

Answer 19

given formal notice of charges, advised of rights, obtain a lawyer, opportunity for bail

Question 20

bails serve 2 purposes such as re-appearance of accused and…

Answer 20

un-convicted persons from suffering imprisonment

Question 21

court must be satisfied that the person is not a ____ risk when given bail

Answer 21

flight

Question 22

refers to the pre-trial release of a criminal defendants on their written promise to appear

Answer 22

release of recognizance (ROR)

Question 23

another alternative to bail is good standing, have not skipped bail before, no failures to appear, job house and family ties to _______ minor offense

Answer 23

community

Question 24

setting of bail in the form of land, houses, stocks, and other tangible property/ f defendant doesn’t show they keep it

Answer 24

property bonds

Question 25

% of the bail is paid in cash

Answer 25

deposit bail

Question 26

court finds whether the defendant is competent to stand ____

Answer 26

trial

Question 27

they have to find if the defendant has a reasonable degree, does the def understand what going on and can he _____ in his own defense

Answer 27

assist, Dusky Standard

Question 28

formal answer in court to charges held against the def

Answer 28

guilty, not guilty, no contest dramatically decreases the time needed to process a case

Question 29

negotiates agreement among def, prosecutor, and the court as to what an appropriate plea and associated sentence should be in a given case

Answer 29

plea bargaining

Question 30

____% of cases are resolved through plea bargain

Answer 30

97

Question 31

professional courtroom participants including judges, prosecuting attorneys, defense attorneys, public defenders, and others serving the court

Answer 31

courtroom work group

Question 32

main goal in the court everyone involved in to bring the entire procedure to a ______ _______

Answer 32

successful date

Question 33

elected or appointed public official whose job is to conduct criminal proceedings on behalf of the state or the people against an accuse person

Answer 33

prosecuting attorney

Question 34

trial lawyer hired or appointed to conduct the defense of someone accused of a crime; job is to cast reasonable doubt

Answer 34

defense counsel

Question 35

attorney employed by a gov for purpose of providing defense services to indigents

Answer 35

public defender

Question 36

court officer who's duties are to keep order in the courtroom and to maintain physical of the jury

Answer 36

bailiff

Question 37

keeps trial running smooth by maintaining schedule and keeping everyone in line

Answer 37

court administrator

Question 38

records all that occurs in courtroom

Answer 38

court reporter

Question 39

maintains all records of criminal cases including pleas and decisions made during trial

Answer 39

clerk of courts

Question 40

person who has special kills recognized by courts as relevant to determination of guilt or innocence

Answer 40

expert witness

Question 41

preliminary exam of a witness of a juror by judge or counsel

Answer 41

voir dire

Question 42

eyewitness, character witness, or any person called to testify who is not considered an expert; testify facts

Answer 42

lay witness

Question 43

order issued by a court of law requiring an individual to appear in court and give testimony

Answer 43

subpoena

Question 44

member of a jury selected for jury duty required to serve as an arbiter of the facts in a court of law; render a verdict

Answer 44

jurors

Question 45

organized program which offers services to victims of crime

Answer 45

victim assistance programs

Question 46

rules of court which govern the admissibility of evidence at a criminal hearing and trial

Answer 46

rules of evidence

Question 47

trial must be sought within 30 days, trial must begin within 70 days

Answer 47

speedy trial act

Question 48

criminal jury is composed of..; 6th amendment assures defendant to jury

Answer 48

12 members

Question 49

jurors can be challenged in 3 ways challenges to the array, challenges for case, peremptory challenge

Answer 49

.

Question 50

a challenge that states that the pool of potential jurors in not representative of the community as a whole

Answer 50

challenges to the array

Question 51

challenges that make claim that the person cannot be fair or impartial

Answer 51

challenges for cause

Question 52

means of removing unwanted potential jurors

Answer 52

peremptory challenge

Question 53

anything useful to a judge or jury in deciding the facts of a case

Answer 53

evidence

Question 54

evidence that proves a fact without drawing inferences

Answer 54

direct evidence

Question 55

evidence that requires the judge or jury to reach a conclusion based upon what the evidence indicates

Answer 55

circumstantial evidence

Question 56

oral summation of a case presented to a judge or jury by the prosecution or defense in a criminal trial

Answer 56

closing arguments

Question 57

formal and final finding made on the charges by a jury and reported to the court, or by a trial judge when no jury is used

Answer 57

verdict

Question 58

imposition of a sanction by a judicial authority

Answer 58

sentencing

Question 59

act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator

Answer 59

retribution

Question 60

imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses

Answer 60

incapacitation

Question 61

goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment

Answer 61

deterrence

Question 62

specific deterrence-preventing a particular individual from committing another ______

Answer 62

crime

Question 63

making an example, so others will not commit crimes of the same sort out of threat of punishment is general _____

Answer 63

deterrence

Question 64

___% if everyone incarcerated WILL return to the community

Answer 64

90

Question 65

________ sentencing provides a reason/incentive for them to behave while incarcerated

Answer 65

indeterminate

Question 66

offender given a fixed term that may be reduced by good time(sentencing)

Answer 66

determinate sentencing

Question 67

multiple sentences running at the same time

Answer 67

concurrent

Question 68

one sentence first then the next

Answer 68

consecutive

Question 69

circumstances relating to the commission of a crime which caused its gravity to be greater than that of the average instance of the given type of offense such as..

Answer 69

children, sexual cases, elderly, torture of pain, lack of remorse

Question 70

mandatory sentencing has no _____________

Answer 70

leeway

Question 71

exam of a convicted offenders background prior to sentencing

Answer 71

pre-sentence investigation; used by judge to determine time