Chapter 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Yana
Women’s form: no suffix ba
Men’s form: add suffix ba-na
Japaense
completely different vocabulary used for same word
ex/ father
Womens form: Otoosan
Mens form: Oyaji
Women’s speech
- uses more standard form
- pronounces ing
- don’t use multiple negation
Mens speech
- less polite
- vernacular
- multiple negation
Boston Detroit men and women speakers
more likely for men to use deletion replacement of [th] with [d] than women
Social Status Explanation
Women are more aware of the way they speak then men
-they want to be perceived as higher status, women working jobs in paid employment use more standard form then those working at home
Subordinate Groups Explanation
-Women must be polite (traditional roles of children’s language to adults & W’s to M)
Women are models of Behaviour
- Misbehaviour of boys is tolerated, girls are expected to behave better
- seen as guardians of social values
Vernacular forms express machoism and Standard is femininity
- men prefer verncaular form because it connotes more machoism= masculinity and toughness
- Norwich men say they used more vernacular forms then they did, they wanted to sound less standard
-Women standard form associated with female values and femininity
Interviewer bias
Women’s classifications into social groups according to husbands occupation in early sociolinguistic research
Interviewers influence
Women would respond to the formality and context of situation. Using more standard speech perhaps because of social distance and a male.
Different interpretations
The same behaviours may be interpreted quite different
- some focus on solidarity dimension
- some focus on status dimension
Tyneside Glotallization
Cutting off the air at the vocal cords while producing)
[p] [t] [k] is a masculine vernacular rather than working class
-tough girls speech still differed from male vernacular, gender identity itself was the influential factor
Gender and Societal Organization Madagascar
Different roles in society
`Men use language subtly
indirect requests, non confrontational
-indirect is valued and viewed as superior
Women express anger openly and direct
- Women are used by men to negotiate and talk to strangers, used for confrontation
- direct style associated with modernity, loss of tradition
Exceptions where women use vernacular the same as or more then men
- Lower-class women in Norwich use almost as many vernacular forms as men
- in Pont-rhyde-y-fen Brazlandia women use more vernacular form then men
Gender and Age effecting Pitch of voice
- men have a lower pitch than women
- Women in politics may use a lower tone of voice
- slang reflects a persons age: membership of the young
Men and Vernacular
Toughness
- conservative and non-urban values
- Anti-establishment attitudes
Women and Standard
- Femininity
- Urban Values
- Conformist middle-class adult norm
Vocal varying with age
- swearing is highly used in teenagers
- decreases with age and slang diminishes
- mean continue to swear in all male settings
- women reduce swearing in all settings may be due to social pressure and work force
Pronunciation varying with age
between age of 10-15 pronouncing [t] instead of glottal stop for ‘water’ and ‘matter’
Current slang
young peoples prerogative
-N.Z. young people use wicked choice, cool to express approval
Vernacular forms and age
-younger adults use [th] fronting for words like thought or mother
Age interacts with
gender, social class, social networks, and vernacular
Montreal: Bilingualism effected by age
- older generations monolingual in French
- increasing bilingusialsm 30-50 years because an asset in the work force
