Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
- Should SLPs follow the principles of evidence-based practice in making clinical decisions?
A
Yes, they should.
2
Q
- Is nonsurgical dysphagia management a team effort lead by the SLP?
A
Yes, it is
3
Q
- Is it ethical to withhold (otherwise available) treatment program to patients for the sake of collecting scientific evidence?
No, it is unethical to withhold treatment; everyone deserves treatment
A
No, it is unethical to withhold treatment; everyone deserves treatment
4
Q
- Are poor oral hygiene and dysphagia risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in the eldery?
A
Yes, they are
5
Q
- Does compensatory therapy aim to improve the long-term physiology or swallowing?
A
No, compensatory therapy aims to ensure safe swallowing
6
Q
- Is compensatory therapy only effective for the oral preparatory and oral phases of swallowing?
A
No, postural changes can also change pharyngeal phase
7
Q
- Is the supraglottic swallow maneuver an effective technique for achieving vocal fold closure for a swallow?
A
Yes, it is
8
Q
- Are nonsurgical treatments for swallowing disorders for patients with strokes and neurological disorders exclusively?
A
No, treatment can be for any clinical population
9
Q
- Will a head-tilt strategy during swallow to the stronger side of the pharynx direct a bolus down the weak side?
A
No, a head tilt to the strong side will direct the bolus to the strong side
10
Q
- Should implementing a swallow postural technique to dysphagic patients be done after an instrumental swallow assessment is conducted to confirm its effectiveness?
A
Yes, it should.
11
Q
- Has bolus modification been shown to be a more effective method of preventing penetration and aspiration compared to the chin-tuck posture in the elderly?
A
Yes, it has
12
Q
- Do all individuals who aspirate with liquids or solids develop aspiration pneumonia?
A
No, not all those who aspirate will develop aspiration pneumonia, other factors (such as amount aspirated and oral hygiene) can also contribute
13
Q
- Has swallowing cold water compared to body temperature water been shown to increase the overall speed of swallowing?
A
Yes, it has
14
Q
- Can oral motor exercises be used to increase endurance of lip seal?
A
Yes, they can
15
Q
- TRUE OR FALSE: Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of lingual exercises for patients with swallowing disorders.
A
False, studies have found they can be effective
16
Q
- Is LSVT useful for both swallowing and speech improvement in patients who have Parkinson’s Disease and other neurological disorders?
A
Yes, it is useful
17
Q
- Is occasional aspiration to be expected in patients undergoing rehabilitative swallowing therapy?
A
Yes, it is to be expected
18
Q
- How will practicing timing movements with placing an empty cup to the lips and removing it improve labial function in swallowing?
A
It will encourage lip opening
19
Q
- How will the Shaker exercise improve swallowing? (2 things)
A
- increase the opening of the UES
- decrease the hypopharyngeal bolus pressure
20
Q
- Should we allow a specified time to pass in post-cancer patients with head and neck cancer?
A
No, treatment should be preventative and concurrent to medical therapy, and should begin before surgical or radiation therapy is carried out.
21
Q
- Occupational therapists’ role in dysphagia management involves: (3 things)
A
- assessment and management of oral care
- assessment of nutrition
- decision making on swallowing management
22
Q
- Changes in treatment may be affected by: (4 things)
A
- treatment technique
- passage of time
- strength of the patient
- types of food eaten
23
Q
- Compensatory swallowing therapy involves: (3 things)
A
- changing the size of the bolus to be swallowed
- stimulating lips/tongue
- modifying posture to improve airway closure
24
Q
- Compensatory swallowing is limited by…
A
Willingness to follow the recommendations
25
25. Swallowing postures are used because they have been shown to: (3 things)
- reduce penetration/aspiration
- improve bolus transit time during the oral and pharyngeal phases
- reduce residue post swallow
26
26. Thermal tactile oral stimulation is an exercise to stimulate…
-oral awareness to the brainstem
27
27. The primary outcome from studies using the Shaker exercise is…
-decrease in the hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure
28
28. When should therapy begin for clients diagnosed with head and neck cancer?
-as soon as the diagnosis is made
29
29. EMST can be suggested for: (3 things)
- patients with degenerative neurological disorders
- elderly individuals with sarcopenia
- children with neuromuscular disorders
30
30. What are the 4 general steps of EBP, in order?
1- generate clinical questions
2- search for relevant scientific evidence
3- review and evaluate the evidence
4- integrate clinical view, client’s perspective, and reviewed evidence
31
31. Which two steps should SLPs take to ensure their recommended treatment methods are effective for the patients?
1- obtain a baseline set for patient performance
| 2- document change across the treatment process
32
32. What are the four prerequisites for a patient to undergo compensatory swallowing therapy?
1- adequate memory and attention
2- caregivers available to assist
3- no severe cognitive impairments
4- motivated to change and follow recommendations
33
33. How does the super-supraglottic swallow differ from the supraglottic swallow maneuver?
In the super-supraglottic swallow, they add an instruction to bear down after holding the breath
34
34. How does the Mendelsohn maneuver reduce residue during swallowing?
The Mendelsohn maneuver opens the UES and extends the duration of laryngeal elevation
35
35. The majority of research has been done on various postures for swallowing and the one that has been found to be most useful in protecting the airway has been the...
Chin tuck
36
36. One way to move the cricoid away from the posterior pharyngeal wall in order to lower the resting sphincter pressure is to...
Rotate the head to one side to allow a greater esophageal opening on the other side
37
37. What are the four general principles of neuromuscular rehabilitation that drive rehabilitative swallowing therapy?
1- use it or lose it
2- use it and improve it
3- specificity
4- transference
38
38. What are three rationales for using oral motor exercises to target swallowing disorders?
1- control the passage of the bolus
2- increase awareness of bolus
3- maximize driving force of bolus to oropharynx
39
39. Tongue strengthening exercises can improve at least three functions in the oral phase of swallowing: (list them)
1- bolus manipulation
2- bolus mastication
3- bolus clearance
