Chapter 7: Analyzing Behavior Change: Basic Assumptions and Strategies

Question 1

A two-phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)

Answer 1

A-B Design

Question 2

a three step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent (if A then B) statement and proceeds as follows (1) if a istrue, then b is true (2) b is found to be true (3) therefore A is true. Although other factors could be responsible for the truthfulness of A a sound experiment affirms several if A than B possibilities each one reducing the likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being responsible for the observed changes in behavior

Answer 2

Affirmation of the consequence

Question 3

a data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over time

Answer 3

Ascending Baseline

Question 4

a condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present. Data obtained during baseline are the basis for determining the effects of the independent variable . a control condition that does not necessarily mean the absence of instruction or treatment only the absence of a specific independent variable of the experimental interest.

Answer 4

Baseline

Question 5

a term sometimes used to refer to the experimental rasoning inherent in single-subject experimental designs entails three element- prediction verification and replication

Answer 5

baseline logic

Question 6

an uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependentvariable

Answer 6

confounding variable

Question 7

a data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time

Answer 7

descending baseline

Question 8

two meanings: a) the outcome of an experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relation meaning that experimental control is achieved when a predictable change in behavior (the DV) can be reliably produced by manipulating a specific aspect of the encouragement (The IV) and (b) the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the independent variable by presenting it withdrawing it and or baring it value and also by eliminating or holding constant all confounding and extraneous variables.

Answer 8

Experimental Contol

Question 9

the particular type and sequence of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the independent variable can be made

Answer 9

Experimental Question

Question 10

the degree to which to which a study’s findings have generality to other subjects, settings and or behavior (compare to internal validity)

Answer 10

External Validity

Question 11

any aspect of the experimental setting (e.g. lighting or temperature) that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation

Answer 11

extraneous variable

Question 12

the extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that the changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of uncontrolledly or unknown variables

Answer 12

Internal validity

Question 13

an experiment designed to discover the differential effects of a range of values of an independents variable

Answer 13

Parametric analysis

Question 14

improvements in performance resulting from opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that baseline measure can be obtained

Answer 14

Practice Effects

Question 15

a statement of the anticipated outcome of a presently unknowns or future measurement one of three components of the experimental reasoning or baseline logic used in single subject research design

Answer 15

prediction

Question 16

(a) repeating conscious within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validation (b) repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of finding of previous experiments to other subjects setting and or behavior

Answer 16

Replication

Question 17

a wide variety of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects

Answer 17

Single-subject Design

Question 18

data that show no evidence of an upward or downward trend all of the measures fall within a relatively small range of values

Answer 18

Stable Baseline

Question 19

a pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimensional qualities over a period of time

Answer 19

Steady State responding

Question 20

data points that do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do not suggest any clear trend.

Answer 20

Variable baseline

Question 21

one of three components of the experimental reasoning or baseline logic used in single subject research design accomplished by demonstrating that the prior level of bsl responding would have remained unchanged had the independent variable not been introduced. Verifying the accuracy of theorginial prediction rescues the probability that some uncontrolled or confounding variable was responsible for the observed change in behavior

Answer 21

Verification