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Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) > Chapter 7 - Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing with arms down at sides and palms forward

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

structure (how the body is made)

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3
Q

Physiology

A

function (how the body works)

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4
Q

Supine

A

lying on back

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5
Q

Prone

A

lying facedown / on stomach

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6
Q

Lateral Recumbent (Recovery) Position

A

Lying on side
Left lat….on left side/left side down
Right lat…right side down

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7
Q

Fowler’s Position

A

Lying on back with the upper body elevated at a 45˚ to 60˚ angle

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8
Q

Semi-Fowler’s Position

A

Lying on back with the upper body elevated less than 45˚

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9
Q

Trendelenburg Postion

Shock Postion

A

No longer used for shock
Head angled down
Legs elevated

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10
Q

Sagittal/Medial Plane

A

Vertical plane splitting the body into right and left segments

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11
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into 2 equal halves (left and right)

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12
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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13
Q

Transverse/Horizontal/Axial Plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower halves,

parallel to the ground

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14
Q

Midline

A

Corresponds with the midsagittal plane; divides the body into equal left and right halves

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15
Q

Midaxillary Line

A

vertical line from armpit down to the ankle

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16
Q

Anterior Plane

A

Patient’s front

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17
Q

Posterior Plane

A

Patient’s Back

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18
Q

Transverse Line

A

Corresponds w/transverse plane; divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) planes

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19
Q

Superior Plane

A

Above the waist

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20
Q

Inferior Plane

A

Below the waist

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21
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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22
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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23
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or above the point of reference

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24
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet or below the point of reference

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25
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline or center of the body

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26
Q

Lateral

A

To the left or right of the midlien

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27
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides

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28
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of reference

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29
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of reference

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30
Q

Midclavicular

A

Center of each collarbone/clavicle

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31
Q

Midaxillary

A

Center of the armpit (axilla)

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32
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

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33
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of hand

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34
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A 
lines drawn through navel
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Left Lower Quadrant LLQ()
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35
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the spine or back

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36
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the belly or front

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37
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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38
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

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39
Q

Skeletal System Functions (4)

A
  1. Shape
  2. Protect vital organs
  3. Movement
  4. Store minerals and produce red blood cells
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40
Q

Cranium

A

Forms the top, back sides and forehead of the skull

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41
Q

Orbits

A

Eye sockets

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42
Q

Maxillae

A

Fused bones of the upper jaw

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43
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

44
Q

Zygomatic Bones

A

Cheekbones

45
Q

Spinal/Vertebral Column

A

33 vertebrae form the principal support system of the body

46
Q

Cervical

A

C1-C7

Neck

47
Q

Thoracic Spine

A

T1-T12

Upper back

48
Q

Lumbar Spine

A

L1-L5

Lower back

49
Q

Sacral Spine

A

S1-S7, fused together

Back wall of pelvis/small of back

50
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone

4 vertebrae

51
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

52
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone

53
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

54
Q

Manubrium

A

superior portion of the sternum

55
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

inferior portion of the sternum

56
Q

Iliac Crest

A

sides or “wings” of the pelvis

57
Q

Ischium

A

posterior and inferior portions of the pelvis

58
Q

Acetabulum

A

pelvic socket / hip joint

59
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

60
Q

Tibia

A

Shin

weight bearing bone

61
Q

Malleoulus

A

knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint

62
Q

Calcaneous

A

Heel bone

63
Q

Tarsals

A

bones in proximal portion of the foot, including calcaneous

64
Q

Metatarsals

A

Foot bones

65
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

66
Q

Radius

A

Lateral forearm bone (thumb side)

67
Q

Ulna

A

Medial forearm bone (pinky side)

68
Q

Olecranon

A

bony prominence of elbow

69
Q

Carpals

A

Wrist bones

70
Q

Metacarpals

A

form structural strength of hang

71
Q

Joint

A

connects one bone to another bone

72
Q

Flexion

A

Bending toward the body (or

decreasing the angle between bones/body parts)

73
Q

Extension

A

Straightening away from the body (or increasing the angle between bones/body parts)

74
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

75
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

76
Q

Circumduction

A

Combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, as with the shoulder joint

77
Q

Pronation

A

turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back

78
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front

79
Q

Skeletal (Voluntary) Muscle

A

can be contracted and relaxed at the will of the individual

80
Q

Smooth (Involuntary) Muscle

A

carry out automatic muscular function of the body through rhythmic, wavelike movements

81
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Automaticity, or the ability to generate own electrical impulse
Must have a constant supply of blood from the coronary arteries

82
Q

Basic Functions of Respiratory System (4)

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Ventilation
  3. Oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide
  4. Buffer to maintain normal acid-base balance
83
Q

Respiration

A

process of moving O2 and CO2 across membranes, in/out of alveoli, capillaries, and cells

84
Q

Oxygenation

A

(form of respiration)

O2 molecules move across a membrane to an area of lower concentration

85
Q

Upper Airway (4 structures)

A
  1. Nose and Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Nasopharynx
  4. Larynx
    - ends at cricoid cartilidge
86
Q

Lower Airway (4 Structures)

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Bronchi
  3. Bronchioles
  4. Alveoli
87
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

88
Q

Aspiration

A

choking

89
Q

Esophagus

A

Leads from the pharynx to the stomach

90
Q

Trachea

A

Carries air to the lungs

91
Q

Larynx

A

Houses vocal cords

Superior to the trachea

92
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

Adam’s Apple, covers the larynx

93
Q

Perfusion

A

Delivery of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients to cells and the removal of waste products

94
Q

Bronchi

A

branch off from trachea; bronchus into each lung, where they divide into bronchioles

95
Q

Diaphragm

A

Both involuntary and voluntary

Contracts during inspiration

96
Q

Respiration

A

Gas exchange; occurs at the alveolar-capillary membrane

97
Q

Oropharynx

A

Mouth

98
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap protecting the trachea

99
Q

Cricoid Cartilige

A

Divides upper and lower airways

100
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of the heart

101
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart

102
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

btwn the right atrium and the left ventricle

103
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

104
Q

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

A

btwn the left atrium and the left ventricle

105
Q

Aortic Valve

A

at base of aortic artery in the left ventricle

106
Q

Arteries

A

Carrie blood AWAY from the heart

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) (4 decks)

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