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Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) > Chapter 7 - Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Anatomy Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing with arms down at sides and palms forward

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

structure (how the body is made)

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3
Q

Physiology

A

function (how the body works)

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4
Q

Supine

A

lying on back

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5
Q

Prone

A

lying facedown / on stomach

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6
Q

Lateral Recumbent (Recovery) Position

A

Lying on side
Left lat….on left side/left side down
Right lat…right side down

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7
Q

Fowler’s Position

A

Lying on back with the upper body elevated at a 45˚ to 60˚ angle

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8
Q

Semi-Fowler’s Position

A

Lying on back with the upper body elevated less than 45˚

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9
Q

Trendelenburg Postion

Shock Postion

A

No longer used for shock
Head angled down
Legs elevated

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10
Q

Sagittal/Medial Plane

A

Vertical plane splitting the body into right and left segments

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11
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into 2 equal halves (left and right)

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12
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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13
Q

Transverse/Horizontal/Axial Plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower halves,

parallel to the ground

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14
Q

Midline

A

Corresponds with the midsagittal plane; divides the body into equal left and right halves

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15
Q

Midaxillary Line

A

vertical line from armpit down to the ankle

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16
Q

Anterior Plane

A

Patient’s front

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17
Q

Posterior Plane

A

Patient’s Back

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18
Q

Transverse Line

A

Corresponds w/transverse plane; divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) planes

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19
Q

Superior Plane

A

Above the waist

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20
Q

Inferior Plane

A

Below the waist

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21
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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22
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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23
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or above the point of reference

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24
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet or below the point of reference

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25
Medial
Towards the midline or center of the body
26
Lateral
To the left or right of the midlien
27
Bilateral
Both sides
28
Proximal
Near the point of reference
29
Distal
Away from the point of reference
30
Midclavicular
Center of each collarbone/clavicle
31
Midaxillary
Center of the armpit (axilla)
32
Plantar
Sole of foot
33
Palmar
Palm of hand
34
Abdominal Quadrants
``` lines drawn through navel Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Left Lower Quadrant LLQ() ```
35
Dorsal
Towards the spine or back
36
Ventral
Towards the belly or front
37
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
38
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
39
Skeletal System Functions (4)
1. Shape 2. Protect vital organs 3. Movement 4. Store minerals and produce red blood cells
40
Cranium
Forms the top, back sides and forehead of the skull
41
Orbits
Eye sockets
42
Maxillae
Fused bones of the upper jaw
43
Mandible
Lower jaw
44
Zygomatic Bones
Cheekbones
45
Spinal/Vertebral Column
33 vertebrae form the principal support system of the body
46
Cervical
C1-C7 | Neck
47
Thoracic Spine
T1-T12 | Upper back
48
Lumbar Spine
L1-L5 | Lower back
49
Sacral Spine
S1-S7, fused together | Back wall of pelvis/small of back
50
Coccyx
Tailbone | 4 vertebrae
51
Thorax
Chest
52
Sternum
Breastbone
53
Clavicle
Collarbone
54
Manubrium
superior portion of the sternum
55
Xiphoid Process
inferior portion of the sternum
56
Iliac Crest
sides or "wings" of the pelvis
57
Ischium
posterior and inferior portions of the pelvis
58
Acetabulum
pelvic socket / hip joint
59
Patella
Kneecap
60
Tibia
Shin | weight bearing bone
61
Malleoulus
knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint
62
Calcaneous
Heel bone
63
Tarsals
bones in proximal portion of the foot, including calcaneous
64
Metatarsals
Foot bones
65
Scapula
Shoulder blade
66
Radius
Lateral forearm bone (thumb side)
67
Ulna
Medial forearm bone (pinky side)
68
Olecranon
bony prominence of elbow
69
Carpals
Wrist bones
70
Metacarpals
form structural strength of hang
71
Joint
connects one bone to another bone
72
Flexion
Bending toward the body (or | decreasing the angle between bones/body parts)
73
Extension
Straightening away from the body (or increasing the angle between bones/body parts)
74
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
75
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
76
Circumduction
Combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, as with the shoulder joint
77
Pronation
turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
78
Supination
Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
79
Skeletal (Voluntary) Muscle
can be contracted and relaxed at the will of the individual
80
Smooth (Involuntary) Muscle
carry out automatic muscular function of the body through rhythmic, wavelike movements
81
Cardiac Muscle
Automaticity, or the ability to generate own electrical impulse Must have a constant supply of blood from the coronary arteries
82
Basic Functions of Respiratory System (4)
1. Respiration 2. Ventilation 3. Oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide 4. Buffer to maintain normal acid-base balance
83
Respiration
process of moving O2 and CO2 across membranes, in/out of alveoli, capillaries, and cells
84
Oxygenation
(form of respiration) | O2 molecules move across a membrane to an area of lower concentration
85
Upper Airway (4 structures)
1. Nose and Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Nasopharynx 4. Larynx - ends at cricoid cartilidge
86
Lower Airway (4 Structures)
1. Trachea 2. Bronchi 3. Bronchioles 4. Alveoli
87
Pharynx
Throat
88
Aspiration
choking
89
Esophagus
Leads from the pharynx to the stomach
90
Trachea
Carries air to the lungs
91
Larynx
Houses vocal cords | Superior to the trachea
92
Thyroid Cartilage
Adam's Apple, covers the larynx
93
Perfusion
Delivery of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients to cells and the removal of waste products
94
Bronchi
branch off from trachea; bronchus into each lung, where they divide into bronchioles
95
Diaphragm
Both involuntary and voluntary | Contracts during inspiration
96
Respiration
Gas exchange; occurs at the alveolar-capillary membrane
97
Oropharynx
Mouth
98
Epiglottis
Flap protecting the trachea
99
Cricoid Cartilige
Divides upper and lower airways
100
Atria
Upper chambers of the heart
101
Ventricles
Lower chambers of the heart
102
Tricuspid Valve
btwn the right atrium and the left ventricle
103
Pulmonary Valve
At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
104
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
btwn the left atrium and the left ventricle
105
Aortic Valve
at base of aortic artery in the left ventricle
106
Arteries
Carrie blood AWAY from the heart

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) (4 decks)

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