EMT Recert Review

Question 1

Tuberculosis (S/S and protection)

Answer 1

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
fever
night sweats
weight loss
*N-95 or HEPA mask

Question 2

Fowler’s Position

Answer 2

sitting 45-60° angle

Question 3

Ligaments

Answer 3

connect bone to bone

Question 4

Tendons

Answer 4

connect muscle to bone

Question 5

Blood flow through heart

Answer 5

1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Pulmonary artery
4. Lungs
5. Pulmonary veins
6. Left atrium
7. Left ventricle
8. Pumped to rest of body

Question 6

Electrical flow of heart

Answer 6

1. Sinoatrial (SA) Node
2. Atrioventricular (AV) Node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibers

Question 7

Skin layers

Answer 7

Outermost: Epidermis
Dermis
Innermost: Subcutaneous

Question 8

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 8

Metabolizing glucose in the presence of O2.
Yields energy (ATP), heat, CO2, and water

Question 9

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 9

Metabolizing glucose w/o O2
Yields less heat/energy and more lactic acid leading to higher CO2 levels.
Higher CO2 leads to failure of sodium/potassium pump and cell death

Question 10

Baroreceptors (definition and location)

Answer 10

Monitor blood pressure

Located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies

Question 11

Chemoreceptors

Answer 11

Monitor O2, CO2, and pH

Question 12

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 12

Located in brainstem

Monitor high levels of CO2 and low pH (hypercarbic drive)

Question 13

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 13

Located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies
More responsive to low arterial oxygen (hypoxic drive)
Cause symp nervous system stimul. (tachycardia, vasoconstrict)

Question 14

Beta1 Receptors (Location and effects)

Answer 14

Located in the heart
Ups HR
Ups contractility
AV Node conduction
irritability?

Question 15

Beta2 Receptors (effects)

Answer 15

relaxation of smooth muscle (bronchodilation)

Question 16

Alpha1 Receptors

Answer 16

Located in smooth muscle of blood vessels

Cause vasoconstrict.

Question 17

Alpha2 Receptors

Answer 17

Moderates Alpha1 response

Question 18

Adult Vitals (HR, BP, RR)

Answer 18

HR:

Question 19

GCS: Eyes Opening

Answer 19

4 Spontaneously
3 Verbal command
2 Pain
1 No response

Question 20

GCS: Motor Response

Answer 20

6 Obeys command
5 Localizes pain
4 Flexion withdrawal
3 Abnormal flexion (decorticate)
2 Abnormal extension (decerebrate)
1 No response

Question 21

GCS: Verbal Response

Answer 21

5 Oriented and converses
4 Disoriented and converses
3 Inappropriate words, cries
2 Incomprehensible sounds
1 No response