Chapter 7: Client's Response To Illness

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

All socially learned behaviors, values, beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking of a population that guide its members

Question 2

Age, Growth, And Development: The age of onset of schizophrenia is a strong predictor of

Answer 2

the prognosis of the disease.

People at younger age have poorer outcomes and negative signs (apathy, social isolation) and less effective coping skills

Question 3

Age, Growth, And Development: Why may younger people struggle with schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Younger clients have not had expeirences of succesful independent living or the opportunity to work and be self-sufficient

Question 4

Age, Growth, And Development: What did Erik Erikson develop?

Answer 4

Psychosocial development across the lifespan in terms of developmental tasks to accomplish at each stage . Each stage depends on successful completion of previous stage

Question 5

Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 5

Viewing world as safe and reliable. Viewing relationships as nurturing, stable, and dependable

Question 6

Age, Growth, And Development: Taks to complete in Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Answer 6

Achieving a sense of control and free will

Question 7

Age, Growth, And Development: Initiative vs Guilt tasks to complete

Answer 7

Beginning to develop a sonscience. Learning to manage clonflict and anxiety

Question 8

Age, Growth, And Development: Industry vs Inferiority tasks to complete

Answer 8

Building confidence in own abilitites.

Taking pleasure in accomplishments

Question 9

Tasks to accomplish in Identity vs role diffusion

Answer 9

Formulating sense of self and belonging

Question 10

Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 10

Forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachment to others

Question 11

Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 11

Establishing the next generation

Question 12

Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Ego Integrity vs Despair

Answer 12

Accepting responsibility for oneself and life

Question 13

Genetics and Biologic Factors: Geneetic makeup tremendously influcnes a persons response to

Answer 13

illness and perhaps even treatment

Question 14

Physical Health and Health Practices: What may impair a person’s ability to cope?

Answer 14

Poor nutritional status, lack of sleep, or a chronic physical illness

Question 15

Self-Efficacy: What is this?

Answer 15

Belief that personal abilities and efforts affect the events in one’s life. Person who believes that their behavior makes a difference is more likely to take action

Question 16

Self-Efficacy: People with high self-efficacy act how?

Answer 16

set personal goals, are self-motivated ,cope effectibely with stress and request support from others when needed

Question 17

Self-Efficacy: People with low self-efficacy act how?

Answer 17

have low aspirations, experience much self-doubt, and may be plagued by anxiety and depression

Question 18

Hardiness: What is this?

Answer 18

The ability to resist illness when under stress. Hardiness has three components

Question 19

Hardiness: What are the three compoentns of this?

Answer 19

Commitment: Active involvment in life activites

Control: Ability ot make appropriate descisions in life activites

Challenge: Ability to perceive change as beneficial rather than just stressful

Question 20

Hardiness: What did Kobasa find out?

Answer 20

That male executives who had high stress but low occurence of illness scored higher on hardiness than executives with high stress and high occurence of illness

Question 21

Hardiness: Personal hardinenss is often described as

Answer 21

a pattern of attitudes and actions that helps the person turn stressful circumstances into opportunities for growth

Question 22

Hardiness: Persons with high hardiness perceive stressors more

Answer 22

accurately and are able to problem-solve in the situation more effectively

Question 23

Resilence and Resourcefulness: What is Resilence?

Answer 23

Defined as having healthy responses to stressful circumstances or risky situations.

Question 24

Resilence and Resourcefulness: What does Resilence help explain?

Answer 24

Why one person reacts to a slightly stressful event with severe anxiety while another person does not experience distress even when confronting a major disruption

Question 25

Resilence and Resourcefulness: High resilence is associated wiht

Answer 25

promoting and protectects ones mental health, described as flourhsing

Question 26

Resilence and Resourcefulness: What does Family Resilence refer to?

Answer 26

The successful coping of family memebrs under stress. This includes positive outlook, spirtuality, family member accord and flexibility

Question 27

Resilence and Resourcefulness: What is resourcefulness?

Answer 27

It involves using probolem-solving abilities and believing that one can cope with adverse or novel situations

Question 28

Resilence and Resourcefulness: People develop resourcefulness through

Answer 28

interactions with others

Question 29

Resilence and Resourcefulness: Examples of resourcefulness includue

Answer 29

performing health-seeking behaviors, leanring self-care, monitoring one's thoughts and feelings about stressfuls ituations

Question 30

Spirituality: What does this involve?

Answer 30

The essence of a person's being and his or her beliefs about the meaning of life and the purpose for living

Question 31

Sense of Belonging: What is this?

Answer 31

Feeling of connectedness with or involvement in a social system or environment of which a person feels an integral part

Question 32

Sense of Belonging: Maslow describes this as

Answer 32

a basic human psychosocial need that invovles feelings of both value and fit

Question 33

Sense of Belonging: Value refers to what

Answer 33

feeling needed and accepted

Question 34

Sense of Belonging: What does FIt refer to?

Answer 34

feeling that one meshes or fits in with the system or environment . Meaning when a person belongs to a group, they feel valued

Question 35

Sense of Belonging: Persons sense of belonging is closely related to

Answer 35

his or her social and psychological functioning

Question 36

Sense of Belonging: SEnse of belonging was found to promote

Answer 36

health, whihc a lack of this sense impaired health

Question 37

Social Networks and Social Supports: What are social networks?

Answer 37

Groups of popele one knows and with whom one feels connected.

Question 38

Social Networks and Social Supports: Social networks can reduce

Answer 38

stress, dimish illness, and positively influence the ability to cope and adapt

Question 39

Social Networks and Social Supports: What is social support?

Answer 39

Emotional sustenance that comes from friends, family membrs, and even health care providers

Question 40

Social Networks and Social Supports: What is social contact?

Answer 40

The friendly talk that goes on at parties

Question 41

Social Networks and Social Supports: What components necessary for support system to be effective?

Answer 41

Clients perception of the support system and the responsiveness of the support system

Question 42

What does Culturally Competent Nursing care mean?

Answer 42

Being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, economic situation and other factors

Question 43

Beliefs about Causes of Illness: Two prevalent types of beleifs about what causes illness in non-western cultures are what?

Answer 43

Natural Unnatural/Personal

Question 44

Beliefs about Causes of Illness: What are unnatural or personal beliefs attribute the cause of illness to?

Answer 44

Active, purposeful intervention of an outside agent, spirit, or supernatural force or deity

Question 45

Beliefs about Causes of Illness: What is the natural view rotted in ?

Answer 45

Belief that natural conditions or forces, such as cold, heat, wind, or dampness are responsible for the illness

Question 46

Beliefs about Causes of Illness: A sick person with a natural view would not see what?

Answer 46

The relaitonship between their behavior or health practices and the illness. Would try to counteract negative forces or spirits using traditional cultural remedies rather than taking medication

Question 47

Fators in Cultural Assessment: What did Giger identify?

Answer 47

The model for assessing clients using six cultural factors: Communication ,Physical Distance, Social Organization, Time Orietnation, Environmental Control, And Biologic Variations

Question 48

Social Organization: What does this refer to?

Answer 48

Family structure and organizatio, religious values and beliefs ,ethnicity and culture, all of which affect a person's role and therefore his or her health and illness behavior

Question 49

Environmental Control: What does this refer to?

Answer 49

Client's ability to control the surroundings or direct factors in the environment

Question 50

Environmental Control: People who believe they have control of their health are more likely to seek

Answer 50

care, change their behaviors, and follow treatment recommendations

Question 51

Environmental Control: Those who believe that illness is a result of nature or natural causes are less likely to

Answer 51

seek traditional health care because they do not believe it can help them

Question 52

Biologic Variations: What disease is found exclusivel y in African Americans?

Answer 52

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 53

Biologic Variations: What disease is most prevalent in the Jewish community?

Answer 53

Tay-Sachs

Question 54

Socioeconomic Status and Social Class: WWhat does socioeconomic status refer to?

Answer 54

Ones income, education and occuptation. Strongly influences a person's health including whether or not person has insurance or assess to health care

Question 55

Nurses Rule in Working with Cultures: To provide cpmpetent care, nurse must found out what?

Answer 55

As much as possible about a client's cultural values, beliefs, and health practices. "How would you like to be cared for"

Question 56

Nurses Rule in Working with Cultures: How can a nurse assess health practices and religious beliefs?

Answer 56

"Do you follow any dietary preferences or restrictions"? "How can I assist you in practicing your relgious or spiritual beliefs?"

Question 57

What individual factors influence a client's response to illness?

Answer 57

Age and Growth and Development Biologic and Genetic Factors Hardiness REsilence and Resourcefulness Self-Efficacy and Spiritualiy

Question 58

Biologic makeup includes what?

Answer 58

perosns heredity and physical health

Question 59

younger clients may have difficulty expressing their thoughts and feelings so they have poorer

Answer 59

outcomes when experiencing stress or illness

Question 60

people who have difficulty negotiating the tasks of psychosocial development have less

Answer 60

effective skills to cope with illness

Question 61

What is resilience?

Answer 61

Perosns ability to respond in a healthy manner to stressful circumstaances or risky siutations

Question 62

What is resourcefulness?

Answer 62

Demonstrated in one's ability to manage daily activities and is personal characteristic acquired through interactions with others

Question 63

What are the interpersonal factors that influence a clinet's response to illness?

Answer 63

Sense of Belonging Personal Involvement in System or Environment Socail NEtworks

Question 64

What has the most influence on a persons health beliefs and behaviors?

Answer 64

Culture

Question 65

What is a model for assesssing clients from various ethnic backgrounds including the six cultural phenomena?

Answer 65

Communication Technique and Style Physical Distance and Space Socail ORganization Time Orietnation Environmetnal Control Biologic Variations