[Exam 2] Chapter 19: Addiction Flashcards by Kevin Avelino

Substance Abuse: Detrimental Effects of this?

Costs to business, industry - 223 billion annually

Motor vehicle accidents, fatalities

Prenatal drug exposure

Increse in violence

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Substance Abuse: Whois more likely to develop problems of alcohol?

Children of alcoholics 4x more likely

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Substance Abuse: Percentage of traffic fatalities that involve alcohol?

30%

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Substance Abuse: Percentage of suicide victims that are alcoholics?

15%

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Substance Abuse: How many people die each year from alcohol-related causes?

88,000

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Substance Abuse: What is binge drinking?

Pattern of drinking that brings a person BAC to 0.08 or above. Happens when men have had 5 or more drinks or women had 4 or more in 2 hours.

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What are the diagnostic classes of substance abuse?

Intoxication

Withdrawal Syndrome

Detoxification

Substance Abuse

Substance Dependence

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What is polysubstance abuse?

Abuse of more than one substance

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Categories of drugs?

Alcohol

Sedatives, Hypnotics, Anxiolytics

Stimulants

Cannabis

Opioids

Hallucinogens

Inhalants

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Types of Substance Abuse: What is intoxication?

Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior

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Types of Substance Abuse: What is withdrawal syndrome?

refers to negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when substance use ceases or decreases

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Types of Substance Abuse: What is detoxification?

Process of safely withdrawing from a substance, usually with medical oversight

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Types of Substance Abuse: What is substance abuse?

Defined abusing a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences

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Types of Substance Abuse: What is substance dependence?

This is also chemical dependence. Problems associated with addiction such as tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop using substance

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Clinical course of Alcoholism?

First episode of ‘sipping’

First episode of intoxication

Blackout

Development of tolerance

Tolerance break

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: Sipping may occur as early as when?

8 years

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: When does more severe difficulities begin to merge?

mid 20s to mid 302. Include alcohol-relatd breakup, arrest for public intoxication

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: What happens after continued heavy drinking?

Tolerance break. Which mean very small amount intoxicates the person

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: Age for first intoxication?

Between 12-14 years

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: What happens in a blackout?

Person continues to function but has no memory of their behavior. Brain not able to form memories

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Clinical course of Alcoholism: What is moderate drinking?

2 drinks per day, no more than 2 per hour

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Alcholism & Etiology: Biologic factors?

Genetic vulnerability: Doesn’t automaticlaly make you have alcholism but there is a higher probability

Neurochemical influences

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Alcholism & Etiology: Psychological Factors?

Family dynamics

Coping Styles

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Alcholism & Etiology: Social , Environmental factors?

Culture, social attiudes, peer behaviors

Law, cost, availability

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Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: What is this for muslims?

No alcohol

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Jews?

Wine an integral part of religious rites

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Some native american tribes?

Peyote (hallucinogen)

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Japanese?

Alcohol not a drug

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: there are variations in enzymatic activites among who?

Asians, African Americans, and Whites

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Alcohol abuse affects how many native americans?

1 in five

Alcohol: What does it do to CNS?

Depresses it. Causes relation/loss of inhibitions

Alcohol: Signs of alcohol use?

Slurred speech, unstedy gait, lack of coordination, impaired attention, memory, concentration, and judgement

Alcohol: What behaviors may someone display with alcohol use?

Aggressive behavior or display inappropriate sexual behavior

Alcohol: Treatment of alcohol overdose?

Gastric lavage or dialysis to remove the drug and support of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning in ICU

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Onset begins when?

Within 4-12 hours afer cessations

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: When does this end?

In about a week

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: How many stages are there for withdrawal?

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stage 1 of withdrawal?

8 Hours. Includes anxiety, insomnia, nausea, and abdominal pain

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stafe 2 of withdrawal?

1-3 days. High blood pressure, increased body temp

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stage 3 of withdrawal?

1 week. Hallucinations, fever, seizures, and agitation

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Severe or untreated withdrawal may progress to what?

Transitent hallucinations, seizures, or delirium

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: What medicine is used for safe withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Peak of withdrawal symptoms?

Day 2 if we are able to get them into treatment

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: What are these all classified as?

CNS depressants

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines risk?

Alone , with oral overdose rarely faatal; lethargy confusion

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Barbituraes risk?

Overdose probably lethal. Can lead to coma, respiratory arrest, cardiac failure, deah

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Problem this causes on person?

Withdrawal dependent on drug

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: How to detoxify?

Via drug tapering

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines overdose will be he opposite of what?

The intended treatment

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: What must we be sure of with drug tapering?

Slowly slowly taper off the drug.

Stimulants: This includes what?

Amphetamines, Cocaine

Stimulants: Whaat does this do to body?

CNS stimulant

Stimulants: Signs when using this?

High or euphoric feeling, hyperactivity, hyperviglance, physiologic signs

Stimulants: Benefits of cocaine?

Absolutely none

Stimulants: What can these eventually lead to after prolonged use?

Onset of withdrawal within hours to several days

Stimulants: Withdrawal syndrome of this?

Dysphoria, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation, depressive syndrome.

Stimulants: Tx for withdrawal?

None

Stimulants: Onset of withdrawal?

Days to hours.

Cannabis: What is this used for?

Psyschoactive effects

Cannabis: Excessive use possibl leads to what?

Delirium or cannabis-induced psychotic disorder

Cannabis: Can you overdose?

Cannabis: Withdrawal syndrone?

Nothing to significant. POssible symptons of insomnia, muscle aches, sweating, anxiety, tremors

Cannabis: How to treat this??

Symptomatic treatment, just treating symptoms they are experiencing

Opioids: What is this classified as?

CNS depressant

Opioids: Intended affects of this?

Desensitization, euphoria, well-being

Opioids: Intoxication signs of this includes what?

Apathy, lethargy, listlessness, impaired judgement, psychomotor retardation or agitation, constricted pupils , drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired attention

Opioids: Overdose signs?

Coma, respiratory depression, ,pupil constriction, unconsciousness, death

Opioids: Treatment for this?

Naloxone

Opioid Withdrawal: What does this look like?

N/V, Dysphoria, Lacrimation, Rhinorrhea, Sweating , diarrhea, yawning ,fever, insomnia

Opioid Withdrawal: What is lacrimation?

flow of tears

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin onset?

6-24 hours

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin peak?

2-3 days

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin subsiding?

5-7 days

Opioid Withdrawal: Longer acting drugs like methadone onset?

2-4 days

Opioid Withdrawal: Longer acting drugs like methadone subsiding in how long?

2 weeks

Opioid Withdrawal: Symptoms of peak?

Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, goose bumps, n/v, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure

Halucinogens: What do they do?

Reality distortion. Like psychosis (hallucinations, depersonalization)

Halucinogens: What can this cause on the body?

Increased pulse, bp, and temperature, dilated pupils and hyperreflexia

Halucinogens: Overdose risk?

None but can have toxic reaction

Halucinogens: PCP toxicity signs?

Seizures, hypertension, hyperhermia, respiratory depression

Halucinogens: Tx?

Supporitive tx for the symptoms

Halucinogens: Withdrawl syndrome fo rthis?

None

Halucinogens: How often can flashbacks happen?

For few months for up to 5 years

Inhalants: What does this do?

Intoxication: Neurologic and behavioral symptoms

Inhalants: Acute toxicity?

Anoxia, respiraotry depression, vagal stimulation, dysrhythmias Death possible from bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, suffoicaiton

Inhalants: withdrawal?

No withdrawal or detoxifcation?

Inhalants: tx?

Supporitive tx

Inhalants: Inhalant intoxication produces what effects?

Dizziness, nystagmus (eyes make repetitive, uncoordinated movementS) , lack of coordincation, slurred speech, unsteady gait

Substance Abuse Treatment: Concept of this?

Medical illness, chronic, progressive, characterized by remissions and releapses

Substance Abuse Treatment: Treamtn models fo rhtis?

Hazelden Clinic Model | 12 Step Program of AA

Substance Abuse Treatment: What was Hazelden Cliic Model?

This was founded in 1949 and was viewed as something that was a problem for the patient.

Substance Abuse Treatment: Most important point of AA?

That there are sponsors. There are people who have been in these siutations before and can help guide you

Substance Abuse Treatment: Types of counseling?

Individual or group

Substance Abuse Treatment: Pharmacologic Treatment example?

Safe withdrawal, prevent relapse. Medications help to manage withdrawal or cravings, but is not a specific treatment for susbtance abuse

What is dual diagnosis here?

Substance abuse + another psychiatric illness

Dual diagnosis: What are some relapse prevention strategies?

Healthy, nuturing, supporitve living environment HElp with fundamental life changes like finding job Connections with other recovering people TX of comorbid conditions

Substance abuse And Assessment: History?

Chaotic family life, crisis rthat caused this?

Substance abuse And Assessment: General appearnace?

Motor, behavior

Substance abuse And Assessment: Mood , affect?

Expressing guilt, remorse, angry, quiet

Substance abuse And Assessment: Thought process?

Content, denail, blaming others, rationalization

Substance abuse And Assessment: Sensorium ?

Intact

Substance abuse And Assessment: Judgement and insight?

Poor judgement, impulsivity is able to control substanace use

Substance abuse And Assessment: Self concept example?

low self esteem and probs with feelings

Substance abuse And Assessment: Roles and relationships?

Often strained

Substance abuse And Assessment: Physiologic considerations?

Poor nutriiton, sleep disturbance,s liver damage, HIB, lung damage

Substance abuse And Outcome goal?

Abstain from substance use Accept responsibility for behavior Establish aftercare plan

Substance abuse And Interventions?

Health teaching for patient, family Addressing family issues Coping SKills

Elder Considers: RF for this?

Chronic illness that causes pain, long term use of meds, life stress, loss, social isolation

Community-BAsed CAre Options?

Outpatient tx Freestabdning abuse treating Self-Help (AA) Agency sponsored aftercare Individual counseling CLinic

Mental Health promotion?

Public awarenedd, educationa dvertising Early identifcation of older adults with alcholism College drinking prevention program

Substance abuse in health professionals: Ethical and legal responsibility to do what?

To report suspicious behavior to supervisor

Substance abuse in health professionals: General warning signs?

Poor work performance/frequent absenteeism Unusual behavior Isolated form peers

Substance abuse in health professionals: Related Disorders?

Gambling Caffeine and Tobacco Addictions Internet

[Exam 2] Chapter 19: Addiction Flashcards

(113 cards)