Chapter 7- Cognition

Question 1

Concepts

Answer 1

Ideas that represent a class or category of objects events or activities

Question 2

Mental imagery

Answer 2

Representations for objects or events used in mental activities

Question 3

Thinking

Answer 3

Mental activities that occur in the brain when processing, organizing, understanding, or communication information to others

Question 4

Insight

Answer 4

Aha moments

Question 5

Trial and error

Answer 5

Trying one solution after another until one works

Question 6

Algorithms

Answer 6

Step by step procedures for solving certain problems

Question 7

Heuristics

Answer 7

Educated guesses based on prior experience

Question 8

Creativity

Answer 8

Consists of new ways of combining ideas or behavior

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

Only thinking about objects in terms of their typical uses

Question 10

Mental set

Answer 10

A tendency to persist in using problem solving patterns that have worked in the past

Question 11

Confirmation bias

Answer 11

A tendency to search for evidence that fits your beliefs while ignoring evidence to the contrary

Question 12

Spearman’s g factor

Answer 12

Intelligence comprises two different abilities

Question 13

G factor

Answer 13

General intelligence

Question 14

s factor

Answer 14

Specific intelligence

Question 15

Gardner’s multiple intelligences

Answer 15

Overall intelligence comprises nine different types

Question 16

Sternberg’s triarchic theory

Answer 16

Intelligence comprises three different aspects (analytical creative and practical)

Question 17

Binet’s mental ability test

Answer 17

Key element to be tested was child’s mental age

Question 18

Stanford-binet

Answer 18

Uses a variety of verbal and nonverbal sub tests to provide an overall estimate of intelligence and scores related to five areas of cognition

Question 19

Wechsler tests

Answer 19

Uses a variety of verbal and performance subtests to provide an overall score of intelligible and index scores related to four species cognitive domains

Question 20

Test construction

Answer 20

Good tests are valid and reliable and normal

Question 21

Giftedness

Answer 21

Typically grow up to be well adjusted adults

Question 22

Intellectual disability

Answer 22

Adaptive skills significantly below age-appropriate level

Question 23

Emotional intelligence

Answer 23

Awareness of and ability to manage one’s emotions, self motivation, empathy, and social skills

Question 24

Grammar

Answer 24

System of rules governing structure and use of language

Question 25

Syntax

Answer 25

Rules for combining words and phrases

Question 26

Morphemes

Answer 26

Smallest units of meaning within a language

Question 27

Semantics

Answer 27

Rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences

Question 28

Phonemes

Answer 28

Basic units of sound in a language

Question 29

Pragmatics

Answer 29

Social “niceties” or practical aspects of communicating with others