Chapter2(Unit 3)- Brain

Question 1

The Hindbrain

Answer 1

Consists of the medulla, pons, reticular formation, and cerebellum

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

The first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for life-sustaining fictions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate

Question 3

Pons

Answer 3

The large swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom and that plays a deep part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal

Question 4

Reticular Formation

Answer 4

An area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the kind and slightly beyond that is responsible for general attention, alertness, and arousal

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

Part of lower brain located behind the pons that controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement, and may have some cognitive functions

Question 6

Limbic system

Answer 6

A group of several brain structures located primary under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation

Question 7

Thalamus

Answer 7

Part of the limbus system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

Brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly about the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

Outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input

Question 11

Corpus callosum

Answer 11

Thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

Occipital lobes

Answer 12

Section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the primary visual centered of the brain

Question 13

Parietal lobes

Answer 13

Sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, temperature, and body position

Question 14

Temporal lobes

Answer 14

Areas of the cortex located along the side of the brain, starting just behind the temples, containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech

Question 15

Frontal lobes

Answer 15

Areas of the brain located in the front and top, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech

Question 16

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

Area of cortex at the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing information. From the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, and body position

Question 17

Motor cortex

Answer 17

Rear section of the frontal lobe, responsible for sending motor commands to the muscles of the somatic nervous system

Question 18

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 18

Condition resulting from damage to Broca’s area, causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently, to mispronounce words, and to speak haltingly

Question 19

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 19

Condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area, causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language

Question 20

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer 20

Brain-imaging method using computer controlled X-rays of the brain

Question 21

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 21

Brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain

Question 22

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 22

A recording of the electrical activity of large groups of cortical neurons just below the skull, most often using scalp electrodes

Question 23

Positron Emission Tomography(PET)

Answer 23

Brain-imaging method in which a radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity in the brain

Question 24

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 24

MRI-based brain-imaging method that allows for functional examination of brain areas through changes in brain oxygenation