Chapter 7 - diet and health problems Flashcards
Malnutrition
A condition caused by an excessive or insufficient intake of nutrients
define Obesity
A condition characterised by excessive storage of body fat
Increases the risk of other health problems such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease
Risk factors of obesity (4)
Excessive intake of calories
Overconsumption of high calorie food
Family history
Sedentary lifestyle
Prevention of obesity (4)
Eat small, frequent meals
Increase intake of dietary fibre
Reduce sugar and fat intake
Exercise regularly
define Hypertension
A condition where blood is pumped around the body at a high pressure
Can cause stroke, heart and kidney diseases
Risk factors of hypertension (3)
-Family history, stress and obesity
-Diet high in salt causes the body to retain more fluid and increase the volume of blood
-Diet high in saturated fats and trans fats can result in hardening and narrowing blood vessels
prevention of hypertension (2)
-Reduce intake of salt and saturated fats
-Exercise regularly
define type 2 diabetes
A medical condition where a blood glucose level is abnormally high over a prolonged period of time. They are said to be insulin resistant’
risk factor of type 2 diabetes (2)
-Family history & physical inactivity
-Those with obesity
prevention of type 2 diabetes (3)
-Increase the intake of wholegrains as it helps in regulating the release of glucose into bloodstream
-Reduce intake of sugar and saturated fats
-Regular exercise
define coronary heart diseases
A condition causes an area of heart tissue to lose it’s blood supply, causing a heart attack
risk factors of coronary heart diseases (3)
-Family history, physical inactivity
-Hypertension and obesity
-Diets high in cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats increase the level of bad blood cholesterol known as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which build up plaque that block artery walls and reduce blood supply
prevention of coronary heart diseases (4)
-Include fruits and vegetables as they are lower in fat
-Use monounsaturated fats instead of saturated fats and trans fats as they increase the level of good blood cholesterol, known as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which lower risk of heart disease
-Limit fat and sugar intake as it may lead to obesity
-Regular exercise
define dehydration
Where the body’s water output exceeds water intake
risk factors for dehydration
-Elderly as they are less sensitive to the sensation of thirst
-Sick people with symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and sweating, as it leads to excessive fluid loss from the body
-People who perform strenuous tasks or exercise vigorously and sweat profusely
symptoms/signs of dehydration - there is 12 state 5 only
Thirst
Dry skin and mouth
General weakness
Infrequent urination
Nausea
Vomiting
High body temperature (fever)
Concentrated urine
Mental confusion
Heatstroke (severe)
Coma (severe)
Death (severe)
prevention of dehydration (2)
-Consume sufficient fluids, and fruit and vegetables with high water content
-Stay well hydrated before, during and after physical activity
define heatstroke
Where the body fails to adequately dissipate heat and regulate the body temperature.
symptoms/signs of heatstroke (4)
High fever
Mental confusion
Sudden stop of perspiration
Unconsciousness
risk factors of heatstroke( 2)
Insufficient fluid intake with hot and humid environment around
Prevention of heatstroke (3)
-Drink enough fluids
-Rest in cool and airy places
-Wear lightweight clothing in hot and humid weather
define constipation
Infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools
risk factors of constipation
Inadequate consumption of dietary fibre and fluids, resulting in dry and hard stools
prevention of constipation
Consume dietary fibre-rich food and sufficient fluids
