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Chapter 7: Equilibria Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

Define dynamic equilibrium.

A

A dynamic equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate in a closed system, and concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a system at equilibrium?

A
  • Rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction
  • Concentrations of all species are constant
  • Occurs in a closed system
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3
Q

State Le Chatelier’s Principle.

A

If an external change is made to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts to oppose the change.

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4
Q

What is the effect of increasing reactants on the position of equilibrium?

A

Increasing reactants shifts equilibrium right.

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5
Q

What is the effect of increasing products on the position of equilibrium?

A

Increasing products shifts equilibrium left.

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6
Q

How does increasing pressure affect the position of equilibrium in gases?

A

Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas.

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7
Q

What is the effect of increasing temperature on an endothermic reaction?

A

Increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction.

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8
Q

What is the effect of decreasing temperature on an exothermic reaction?

A

Decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction.

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9
Q

Do catalysts affect the position of equilibrium?

A

No effect on position; speeds up both forward and reverse reactions equally.

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10
Q

Write the expression for the equilibrium constant Kc.

A

For a reaction: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD, Kc = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b

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11
Q

How do you calculate Kc from concentrations of equilibrium species?

A

Substitute concentrations into the Kc expression.

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12
Q

What affects the units of Kc?

A

Units vary depending on the reaction.

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13
Q

How are the units for Kc deduced?

A

Based on the expression’s powers of mol dm⁻³. Simplify accordingly.

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14
Q

How is Kc affected by changes in conditions?

A
  • Kc is constant at a fixed temperature
  • Only temperature affects Kc
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15
Q

What happens to Kc when the temperature increases for an exothermic reaction?

A

Increasing temperature decreases Kc.

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16
Q

What happens to Kc when the temperature increases for an endothermic reaction?

A

Increasing temperature increases Kc.

17
Q

What does a large Kc (>1) indicate about the extent of reaction?

A

Equilibrium lies to the right (more products).

18
Q

What does a small Kc (<1) indicate about the extent of reaction?

A

Equilibrium lies to the left (more reactants).