chapter 7: ionic and metallic bonds

Question 1

What are valence electrons?

Answer 1

Responsible for the chemical properties of atoms, and are those in the outer energy level.

Question 2

What are core electrons?

Answer 2

those in the energy levels below (inner)

Question 3

Atoms in the same column…

Answer 3

• Have the same outer electron configuration.
• Have the same valence electrons.
• React similarly

Question 4

What is the most amount of valence electrons that an atom can have?

Answer 4

8 valence electrons

Question 5

The number of valence electrons are easily determined because…

Answer 5

It is the group number for a representative element
(ex.) Group 2A: Be, Mg, Ca, etc. have 2 valence electrons

Question 6

What is the The Octet Rule?

Answer 6

in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve a noble gas configuration; 8 in the outer level is stable

Question 7

Octet rule for noble gases

Answer 7

Each noble gas (except He, which has 2) has 8 electrons in the outer level

Question 8

Metals __ electrons to attain a noble gas configuration.

Answer 8

lose

Question 9

Cations

Answer 9

positive ions

Question 10

Anions

Answer 10

negative ions

Question 11

Nonmetals __ electrons to attain noble gas configuration.

Answer 11

gain

Question 12

Nonmetals make…

Answer 12

negative ions

Question 13

Metals make…

Answer 13

positive ions

Question 14

What are Halide ions?

Answer 14

ions from chlorine or other halogens that gain electrons

Question 15

Anions and cations are held together by…

Answer 15

opposite charges

Question 16

Ionic compounds are called…

Answer 16

Salts

Question 17

Simplest ratio of elements in an ionic compound is called the…

Answer 17

Formula Unit

Question 18

Ionic compounds are made from…

Answer 18

• a CATION with an ANION
• Or literally from a metal combining with a nonmetal

Question 19

What is a chemical formula?

Answer 19

Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative particle of the substance.

Question 20

For an ionic compound, the smallest representative particle is called a:

Answer 20

Formula Unit

Question 21

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Answer 21

Crystalline solids and high melting points

Question 22

Crystalline solids

Answer 22

• a regular repeating arrangement of ions in the solid
• Ions are strongly bonded together.
• Structure is rigid.

Question 23

Coordination number

Answer 23

number of ions of opposite charge surrounding it

Question 24

Do Ionic Compounds conduct?

Answer 24

when a solid, they DO NOT conduct (they insulate) however when melted and dissolved in water they can conduct

Question 25

Metallic Bonds are...

Answer 25

How metal atoms are held together in the solid.

Question 26

Metals hold on to their valence electrons

Answer 26

Very weakly

Question 27

Metallic bonds are like

Answer 27

positive ions (cations) floating in a sea of electrons

Question 28

Sea of electrons

Answer 28

Electrons are free to move through the solid. ● Metals conduct electricity.

Question 29

Metals are…

Answer 29

Malleable and ductile

Question 30

Both malleability and ductility explained in terms of the…

Answer 30

mobility of the valence electrons

Question 31

Strong Repulsion

Answer 31

breaks a crystal apart, due to similar ions being next to each other.

Question 32

Crystalline structures of metal

Answer 32

If made of one kind of atom, metals are among the simplest crystals; very compact & orderly

Question 33

Body centered cubic

Answer 33

every atom (except those on the surface) has 8 neighbors –Na, K, Fe, Cr, W

Question 34

Face centered cubic

Answer 34

every atom has 12 neighbors –Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Pb

Question 35

Hexagonal close-packed

Answer 35

every atom also has 12 neighbors –different pattern due to hexagonal –Mg, Zn, Cd

Question 36

Alloys

Answer 36

mixtures of 2 or more elements, at least 1 is a metal

Question 37

How are alloys made

Answer 37

● made by melting a mixture of the ingredients, then cooling

Question 38

Why use alloys?

Answer 38

Properties are often superior to the pure element. (Stronger and last longer)

Question 39

How to find density

Answer 39

Mass divided by volume d = M/V

Question 40

In ionic compounds...

Answer 40

electrons are fully transfered

Question 41

In covalent compounds

Answer 41

electrons are shared

Question 42

Polar covalent compounds...

Answer 42

are shared unevenly

Question 43

Pure covalent compounds...

Answer 43

are shared evenly

Question 44

Covalent compounds NEVER...

Answer 44

conduct electrivity

Question 45

Metallic ALWAYS

Answer 45

conduct electricity

Question 46

Metallic and ionic have very high...

Answer 46

melting and boiling points

Question 47

Covalent has

Answer 47

low melting and boiling points

Question 48

when creating a dot diagram

Answer 48

crisscross the charges

Question 49

ionic range

Answer 49

x > 1.7 (greater than 1.7)

Question 50

polar covalent range

Answer 50

less than or equal to 1.7 or greater than or equal to 0.3

Question 51

pure covalent range

Answer 51

less than 0.3

Question 52

pure covalent has

Answer 52

no charge

Question 53

polar covalent charge symbols

Answer 53

weird s with + or -

Question 54

ionic charge symbols

Answer 54

+ or -

Question 55

charges for the groups

Answer 55

* group 1A: 1+ * group 2A: 2+ * group 3A: 3+ * group 4A: 4+ * group 5A: 3- * group 6A: 2- * group 7A: 1- * group 8A: 0 * transition metals are group b