Chapter 7 mega review Flashcards
Primary Motor Cortex
At precentral gyrus: important in the execution of voluntary movement (conscious movement of skeletal muscles)
Premotor Area
Premotor cortex: motor area anterior to primary motor cortex; thought to be involved in the planning of movements but also other functions (still not understood)
Broca’s Area
Usually only located in left hemisphere; most active just before words are spoken. Broca’s area interacts with sensory information from the temporal complex, devising a plan for speaking & passing that along to the motor cortex
Prefrontal Area
(Personality & Behavior) Cognition, executive function (planning, decision-making, problem-seolving, self-control, and acting with long term goals in mind); higher level cognitive processes.
Olfactory Cortex
Vital for processing & perception of odor. Is a component of the limbic system (connects senses such as odors to memories & emotions).
Auditory Association Area
Processes complex sounds
Auditory Cortex
Interprets sound & language we hear (loudness, pitch, localization of basic sound).
Gustatory Cortex
Responsible for the perception of taste and flavor.
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
At post-central gyrus in parietal lobe: impulses traveling from the body’s sensory receptors (except for special senses) are localized and interpreted in this area; allows you to recognize pain, coldness or light touch.
Sensory Association
Integrates sensory information based on sensory inputs.
Visual Association Area
Processing of visual information for perception of motor & spacial relationships ( respond to visual stimuli)
Visual Cortex
Determines basic attributes of vision (light, shape, color, size, direction).
Wernicke’s Area
Recognizes spoken words, interprets the meaning of speech (damage: causes inability to communicate with logical word choices)
Ventricles
A system of cavities/space that produce CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); choroid plexuses produce CSF & CSF circulates; 4 ventricles
Cingulate Gyrus
Arch shaped; just above corpus callosum; is a component of the limbic system (involved in processing emotions & behavior regulation also helps regulate autonomic motor function). Coordinates sensory input w/ emotion, emotional response to pain, and regulates aggressive behavior.
Thalamus
Serves as the main relay station (motor, limbic, sensory pathways pass through - all except olfaction)
Hypothalamus
Central to many autonomous functions, notably the regulation of homeostasis. Controls body temp., hunger, thirst, circadian cycles; regulates the pituitary.
Optic Chiasm
The point where the optic nerves comes together & forms an X structure.
Pituitary Gland
Main endocrine interface b/w the CNS & entire body. ¨Master gland.¨ Hypothalamus controls it by sending it messages. Pea size (in sella turcica); posterior to nose.
Midbrain
Topmost part of the brainstem. Crucial in processing visual & auditory signals. Also involved in movement of body and head. Controls motor movement and reflexes.
Pons
Pathway for tracts going from cerebrum down to medulla & spinal cord. Nerves that carry info about sensations of touch, pain, temp from face & head. Swallowing, tears, hearing, maintaining balance.
Medulla Oblongata
Connects brainstem to spinal cord. Essential for survival b/c it ensures vital signals/systems (cardio and respiratory). Responsible for vomiting, swallowing, coughing, sneezing.
Meninges
Layed unit of membranous connective tissue that covers brain & spinal cord. 3 layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (deepest).
Cerebral Cortex
Sheet of neural tissue that is the outermost to the cerebrum. Grey b/c nerves lack myelin.
