Chapter 7: Middle Childhood

Question 1

Problems (Asthma)

Answer 1

a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult

Question 2

Problems (Obesity)

Answer 2

having a BMI above the 95th percentile
many 6 to 11 year old’s eat too much, exercise too little, and become overweight or obese
an excessive weight contributes to future health risk increase, average achieve decrease, self esteem failures, and loneliness

Question 3

Problems (Overweight)

Answer 3

having a BMI above the 85th percentile

Question 4

Piaget (concrete operational thought)

Answer 4

ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions

Question 5

Piaget (classification)

Answer 5

the logical principle that things can be organized into groups

Question 6

Piaget (seriation)

Answer 6

the idea that things can be arranged in a series. seriation is crucial for understanding the number sequence
Identity
Reversibility
Reciprocity

Question 7

Vygotsky

Answer 7

education occurs everywhere and knowledge is acquired from social context
instruction is essential
guiding each child through the zone of proximodistal development is crucial
apprentices in learning
most important role of teachers is to help children focus
selective attention: ability to
concentrate on some stimuli
while ignoring others

Question 8

Information processing

Answer 8

information processing perspective: compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data

compares human thinking processes, analogy, to computer; select relevant units of information, analyze can connect, express conclusions in understanding ways

Question 9

Memory (sensory memory)

Answer 9

stored for a few seconds at most, sense

Question 10

Memory (working memory)

Answer 10

memory that is active at any given moment

Question 11

Memory (long-term memory)

Answer 11

the unlimited storage information that is maintained for long periods, or life

Question 12

Brain development (Maturation of Prefrontal Cortex)

Answer 12

allows for better executive function (mental processing that allows for planning, memory, and perform multiple tasks)

Question 13

Information processing theory (Reaction time)

Answer 13

time it takes to respond to a stimulus

Question 14

information processing theory (automatization)

Answer 14

process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine

Question 15

information processing

Answer 15

factors that influence knowledge base, experience, current opportunity, personal motivation

Question 16

Aptitude and achievement tests (IQ tests)

Answer 16

Aptitude: the ability to master a specific kill or to learn a certain body of knowledge.
IQ tests: Stanford Binet (test designed to gauge intelligence through cognitive ability), Weschler intelligence scale for children (WISC) (test that measures a child’s intellectual ability and 5 cognitive domains that impact performance), Flynn effect (phenomenon discovered by intelligence researcher that determine the average IQ of humans increasing overtime)

Question 17

Gardner’s theory of intelligence

Answer 17

multiple intelligences
originally seven intelligences but added two more: linguistic, logical mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential

Question 18

Childhood disorders (ADHD)

Answer 18

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: condition in which a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and has great difficulty concentrating more than a few moments

Question 19

Knowledge base (selective attention)

Answer 19

paying attention to one thing and tuning out the other noise, or events

Question 19

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 19

learning disability, have unusual patterns of language, play, and social interactions, before school age. have mild, moderate, and severe.

Question 20

Knowledge base (Curriculum)

Answer 20

what should they learn, teach reading, writing, arithmetic.

Question 21

Knowledge base

Answer 21

a broad body of knowledge in a particular subject
makes it easier to remember and understand new information

Question 22

Knowledge base (Meta cognition)

Answer 22

awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes