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GCSE Biology Yr 10 > Chapter 7- Non communicable diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Non communicable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does Benign mean?

A

A non-cancerous tumor. They will grow to a considerable size, but will not destroy tissue.

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2
Q

What is a carcinogen?

A

A substance that causes cancer.

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3
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Disease affecting the coronary arteries which supply the muscle of the body.

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4
Q

What is a non-communicable disease?

A

A disease that can not spread between individuals (it is not infectious)

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5
Q

What is COPD

A

A lung disease characterized by irreversible lung damage and an obstructed airway. Smoking is the primary risk associated with COPD.

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6
Q

What is risk factor mean?

A

Something that increases the chance of developing a disease.

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7
Q

What are some examples of non communicable disease?

A

Cancer, diabetes, asthma, stroke, allergies, pneumonia, heart disease and arthritis.

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8
Q

What are some examples of communicable diseases

A

Athletes foot, flu, cold, strep throat, STDs, chicken pox and pink eye.

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9
Q

What is the definition of a cause?

A

When there is evidence that changes in a factor produce a particular outcome.

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10
Q

What does correlation mean?

A

A link between two things e.g if an outcome happens when a factor is present, but not when absent.

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11
Q

What is evidence?

A

Data and statements that prove a theory correct or incorrect.

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12
Q

What is a type of risk factor?

A

Aspects of a persons lifestyle ( exercise,) , certain substances in the environment (air pollution) or substances in your body ( e.g asbestos)

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13
Q

What can smoking directly cause?

A

Lung disease, cardiovascular disease because it damages the walls of the arteries and the cells in the lining of the lungs.

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14
Q

What can obesity directly cause?

A

Type 2 diabetes by making the body less sensitive or resistant to insulin, meaning it struggles to control the concentration of glucose in the blood.

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15
Q

What can alcohol directly cause?

A

Liver disease, and brain damage by damaging the nerve cells.

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16
Q

What can radiation cause?

A

Cancer, by exposure to radiation it damages our cells and creates cancerous ones.

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17
Q

Why does correlation not always equal cause?

A

There might be a third variable; where one other thing links the two together.

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18
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer can take the form in tumors, which is a mass of abnormally dividing cells.

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19
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

Contained in one place, often with a membrane. They grow quickly but do not spread. They can cause damage to organs.

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20
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

A tumor that can spread to other parts of the body and invade healthy tissue to form secondary tumors. They are very difficult to treat and can be fatal. They are considered cancer.

20
Q

What lifestyle choices can increase the risk of cancer?

A

Smoking, drinking alcohol, stress, high fat diet, sun exposure.

21
Q

What cancers is smoking a risk factor for?

A

Lung cancer, mouth cancer, cervical cancer and stomach cancer.

22
Q

What type of cancer is ultraviolet radiation a risk factor for?

A

Skin cancer.

23
Q

What are some risk factors for liver cancer?

A

Alcohol and obesity.

24
Q

What cancer can BRCA gene increase the risk of?

A

Ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

25
Q

How does smoking increase cancer?

A

Poisons in cigarette smoke can weaken the body’s immune system, making it harder to kill cancer cells.

26
Q

How does alcohol increase cancer?

A

The chemical that is broken down from alcohol called acertaldehyde damages your DNA and prevents your body from repairing that.

27
Q

What is in a cigarette?

A

Lead, fomaldehyde, radioactive elements, arsenic, nicotine.

28
Q

What can fomaldehyde do to you?

A

Stick to your DNA- Cancer.

29
Q

What is nicotine?

A

And addictive substance.

30
Q

What can lead do to you?

A

Affect all your systems.

31
Q

The smoking practical, which investigates what is present in a cigarette. What is shown in the cotton wool?

A

The amount of tar.

32
Q

What is shown in the indicator solution?

A

Carbon dioxide, shown as carbonic acid.

33
Q

What does malnutrition mean?

A

Incorrect amount of food.

34
Q

What happens if we eat too much?

A

We take in too much energy and the food is stored as fat, so you could become overweight.

35
Q

What happens if we eat too little?

A

Our body has to get the energy it needs from breaking down fat or muscle tissue, we loose weight.

36
Q

What are some problems caused by obesity?

A

Clogged arteries, risk of heart disease, diabetes.

37
Q

What are some problems caused by starvation?

A

Female period stops, muscles waste away and immune system fails.

38
Q

What is a metabolic rate?

A

The amount of energy your body needs depending on the rate at which chemical reactions are taking place inside your cells.

39
Q

What is BMI?

A

Body Mass Index

40
Q

How do you calculate your BMI?

A

Weight(kg)
////////////////. Weight over
(Height)2 (m). Height squared.

41
Q

What is the recommended drinking limit for men?

A

Up to 21 units

42
Q

What is the recommended drinking limit for women?

A

Up to 14 units.

43
Q

What is ionizing radiation

A

Radiation of certain wavelengths (e.g gamma rays and other forms of high energy radiation) it has enough energy to damage DNA and cause cancer.

44
Q

What is Radon?

A

Radioactive gas given off by rocks and soil. People who are exposed to high levels of radon have an increased risk of lung cancer.

45
Q

What are some other forms of high-energy radiation?

A

X-rays, alpha particles and beta particles.

46
Q

What can happen to the baby if you drink while pregnant?

A

It can reduce the birthweight of the baby, it can lead to FAS, or the child not doing well in school.

47
Q

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

FAS is a syndrome that occurs in babys if the mother has consumer alcohol during pregnancy. It can include distinctive facial features like narrow eyes, and it can also damage the liver and cause heart disease.

48
Q
A

GCSE Biology Yr 10 (6 decks)

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