Chapter 7: Norms Flashcards
A comparative frame of reference
Norm
The vast majority of test called ____-________ _________ are interpreted by comparing invidual results to a norm group performance.
________-_______ ________ are an exception.
NORM-REFERENCED TEST
CRITERION-REFERENCED TEST
Consist of a sample of examinees who are representative of the population for whom the test is intended
Norm group
It comes in many varieties.
Ex: percentile ranks, age equivalents, grade equivalents, or standard scores
Norms
In general _______ indicate an examinee’s standing on the test relative to the performance of other persons of the same age, grade, sex and so on.
Norms
Depics the level of test performance for each separate age group in the normative sample.
Age norm
Depicts the level of test performance for each separate grade in the normative sample.
Grade norm
Are derived from representative local examinees as opposed ato a national sample
Local norms
Consist of the scores obtained from an identified subgroup as opposed to a diversified national sample
Subgroup norms
The typical initial outcome of testing
The most basic level of information provided by a psychological test
Raw score
Expresses the percentage of persons in the standardization sample who scored below a specific raw scorea
Percentile
Expresses the distance from the mean in standard deviation units
Standard Score/s or z scores
Always expressed as positive whole numbers ( no decimal fractions or negative signs)
Standardized Scores
- Has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
- Especially common with personality test
T- Scores
All raw scores are converted to a single-digit system of scores ranging from 1 to 9.
The mean of stanine scores is always 5, and the standard deviation is approximately 2.
Stanine scale
With 5 units above and 5 units below the mean
Sten scale
Consist of 11 units
C scale
concepts of reliability
- It refers to the attribute of consistency in measurement
- a continuum ranging from minimal consistency of measurement to near perfect repeatability of results
Reliability
concepts of reliability
What are the Methods in determining reliability of test scores:
- TEST-RETEST reliability
- ALTERNATE-FORMS reliability
- SPLIT-HALF reliability
- INTERSCORER reliability
concepts of reliability
Correlating the pairs of scores obtained from equivalent halves of a test administered only once to a representative sample of examinees.
Split half reliability
A sample of test is independently scored by two or more examiners and scores for pairs of examiners are then correlated
Interscorrer reliability
Administer the identical test twice to the same group of heterogenous and representative subjects
If the test is perfectly reliable, each persons second score will be completely predictable from his or her first score
Test -Retest Reliability
Two forms of the same test which are independently constructed to meet the same specifications, often on an item-by-item basis
Alternate forms reliability
Incorporates similar content and cover the same range and level if difficulty of items.
-Possesses similar statistical and normative process
Alternate-forms reliability
