Chapter 7 Part 2

Question 1

“Instinctive horror” theory of incest argues

Answer 1

Homo Sapiens is genetically programmed to avoid incest but this theory has been refuted.

Question 2

Endogamy rules dictate

Answer 2

Mating or marriage within a group to which one belongs

Question 3

Most cultures are endogamous units, while

Answer 3

Classes and ethnic groups within a society may also be quasi-endogamous

Question 4

India’s caste system is

Answer 4

An extreme example of endogamy

Question 5

Castes

Answer 5

Stratified groups in which membership is ascribed at birth and is lifelong

Question 6

Occupational specialization often

Answer 6

Sets off one caste from another

Question 7

Belief that intercaste sexual unions lead to ritual impurity for the higher-caste partner has

Answer 7

Helped maintain endogamy and ensures the pure ancestry of high-caste children

Question 8

While castes are endogamous groups,

Answer 8

Many are internally subdivided into exogamous lineages

Question 9

Edmund Leach observed that several

Answer 9

Kinds of rights may be allocated by marriage

Question 10

Marital rights establish

Answer 10

Legal father of a woman’s children, vise versa

Question 11

Marital rights give either or both spouses a

Answer 11

Monopoly in the sexuality of the other

Question 12

Marital rights give either or both spouses rights to

Answer 12

The labor of the other

Question 13

Marriage can give either or both spouses

Answer 13

Rights over the other’s property

Question 14

Marital rights establish a joint fund of property—

Answer 14

A partnership, for the benefit of the children

Question 15

Marriages establish a socially significant

Answer 15

“Relationship of affinity” between spouses and their relatives

Question 16

There are no logical reasons why same-sex marriage

Answer 16

Cannnot allocate all of the rights discussed by Leach

Question 17

Same-sex marriage is illegal in the US, same-sex couples are denied

Answer 17

Many of the rights and benefits enjoyed by different-sex couples

Question 18

Same-sex marriages have been recognized

Answer 18

In various historical and cultural settings

Question 19

Native American berdaches:

Answer 19

Marriage of two women among the Igbo and the Lovedu in Africa

Question 20

In nonindustrial societies, marriage often is more

Answer 20

A relationship between groups than one between individuals

Question 21

Bridewealth

Answer 21

A customary gift before, at, or after the marriage from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin

Question 22

Bridewealth compensates the bride’s group for

Answer 22

The loss of her companionship and labor

Question 23

Bridewealth aka progeny price because

Answer 23

It makes the children born to the woman full members of her husband’s descent group

Question 24

Bridewealth is common in

Answer 24

Patrilineal groups

Question 25

As the value of Bridewealth increases,

Answer 25

Marriages become more stable thus is insurance against divorce

Question 26

Dowry

Answer 26

Marital exchange in which the wife's group provides substantial gifts to the husband's family

Question 27

Dowry correlates with

Answer 27

Low female status

Question 28

Much less common than bridewealth

Answer 28

Dowry

Question 29

In societies with bridewealth,

Answer 29

A woman's ability to bear children is essential to the stability of her marriage

Question 30

Most nonindustrial food-producing societies allow

Answer 30

Plural marriages or polygamy

Question 31

Polygyny

Answer 31

A man has more than one wife (common)

Question 32

Polyandry

Answer 32

A woman has more than one husband (rare)

Question 33

Polygyny may result from

Answer 33

An infertile wife still married to her husband after he has taken a substitute wife

Question 34

Durable alliances

Answer 34

Customs that highlight the importance of marriage as an alliance between groups

Question 35

Sororate marriage

Answer 35

A widower marries one of his deceased wife's sisters

Question 36

Levirate marriage

Answer 36

A widow marries one of her deceased husband's brothers

Question 37

The ease of divorce

Answer 37

Varies across cultures

Question 38

Marriages that are political alliances between groups are

Answer 38

Harder to break up than are marriages between individual affairs

Question 39

Substantial bridewealth discourages divorce and

Answer 39

Replacement marriages also help to preserve group alliances

Question 40

Divorce is more common in

Answer 40

Matrilineal and matrilocal societies (Hopi of the American Southwest)

Question 41

Divorce is harder in patrilocal societies,

Answer 41

A woman may be less inclined to leave her children, who are members of their father's lineage

Question 42

In contemporary Western societies, divorce may occur when

Answer 42

Sex, romance and/or companionship fade

Question 43

In contemporary Western societies, marriage stay intact when

Answer 43

Economic ties, obligations to children, concern about public opinion or simple inertia

Question 44

Polygamy

Answer 44

Marriage to more than one person

Question 45

Polygamy is illegal in contemporary North America but

Answer 45

North Americans do practice serial monogamy

Question 46

Monogamy

Answer 46

Remarrying after divorce

Question 47

Even in cultures that encourage polygyny,

Answer 47

Monogamy still tends to be the norm

Question 48

Customs of men marrying later than women promotes

Answer 48

Polygyny

Question 49

Context and function of polygyny vary from

Answer 49

Society to society, even within the same society

Question 50

Polyandry is quite rare, being practiced almost exclusively in

Answer 50

South Asia (Tibet, Nepal, India and Sri Lanka)

Question 51

Polyandry seems to be a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with

Answer 51

Customary male travel for trade, commerce, and military operations

Question 52

Fraternal polyandry is

Answer 52

An effective strategy when resources are scarce

Question 53

Brothers with limited resources can

Answer 53

Pool their resources in expanded (polyandrous) households

Question 54

Since Polyandry restricts the number of wives and heirs,

Answer 54

Lands can be transmitted with minimal fragmentation

Question 55

Polygamy was banned in Turkey in 1926 but

Answer 55

Continues to be practiced, leaving second wives unprotected by laws that cover marriages

Question 56

Aga Mehmet Arslan has

Answer 56

5 wives, 55 children, 80 grandchildren

Question 57

Aga Mehmet Arslan doesn't think he has done anything wrong in

Answer 57

Practicing polygyny

Question 58

Aga Mehmet Arslan admits there are problems with plural marriages, like

Answer 58

Jealousy and financial obligations

Question 59

Turkey is trying to reconcile secularism and

Answer 59

Acceptance into the world community with Muslim traditions