Chapter 7

Question 1

Nuclear families

Answer 1

Consists of parents and their children

Question 2

Most people belong to ____ nuclear families

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

A family of orientation

Answer 3

The family in which one is born and grows up

Question 4

A family of procreation

Answer 4

Formed when one marries and has children

Question 5

Nuclear family organization is

Answer 5

Widespread but not universal

Question 6

In certain societies, the nuclear family is

Answer 6

Rare, nonexistent or has no special role

Question 7

Extended families and descent groups most or all

Answer 7

Functions otherwise associated with the nuclear family

Question 8

Among the Muslims of western Bosnia

Answer 8

Nuclear families were embedded within large extended families

Question 9

Zadrugas

Answer 9

Large extended families headed by a male household head and his wife

Question 10

Tarawads

Answer 10

Nayars of southern India lived in matrilineal extended family compounds, headed by a senior woman

Question 11

For many North Americans, the nuclear family is

Answer 11

The only well-defined kin group

Question 12

Most prevalent residence pattern among middle-class North Americans

Answer 12

Neolocality

Question 13

Neolocality

Answer 13

Married couples are expected to establish a new place of residence

Question 14

Expanded family households (includes non-nuclear relatives)

Answer 14

Are more common among lower-class North Americans

Question 15

An extended family household includes

Answer 15

Three or more generations

Question 16

A collateral household includes

Answer 16

Siblings, their spouses, and children

Question 17

Greater frequency of expanded family households among poorer Americans

Answer 17

Is an adaptation to poverty that enables relatives to pool their resources

Question 18

Nuclear family remains a cultural idea for Americans, other domestic arrangements

Answer 18

Outnumber the “traditional” American household more than four to one

Question 19

With more women joining the workforce,

Answer 19

The age of first marriage has increased

Question 20

Just as the divorce rate has also risen dramatically,

Answer 20

the number of single-parent families has too

Question 21

Percentage of adults who are married has

Answer 21

Decreased

Question 22

Trends toward smaller families and living units in the US is

Answer 22

Also detectable in Western Europe and other industrial nations

Question 23

Two basic social units of traditional foraging societies

Answer 23

Nuclear family and the band

Question 24

Although nuclear families are impermanent among foragers and in other societies

Answer 24

They are usually more stable than bands are

Question 25

Typically, bands exist only seasonally

Answer 25

Breaking up into nuclear families when resources became scarce

Question 26

Mobility and the emphasis on small, economically self-sufficient family units

Answer 26

Promote the nuclear family as a basic kin group in both industrial and foraging societies

Question 27

Descent group

Answer 27

A permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry

Question 28

Two types of unilineal descent

Answer 28

Patrilineal and Matrilineal

Question 29

Patrilineal descent

Answer 29

People automatically have lifetime membership in their father's group

Question 30

In Patrilineal descent children of the group's men

Answer 30

Join the group while the children of the group's women are excluded

Question 31

Matrilineal descent

Answer 31

People join the mother's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life

Question 32

Matrilineal descent groups include

Answer 32

Only children of the group's women

Question 33

Patrilineal descent is much more

Answer 33

Common than matrilineal descent

Question 34

Descent groups may be

Answer 34

Lineages or clans

Question 35

Lineage

Answer 35

A descent group whose members can demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor

Question 36

Clan

Answer 36

A descent group whose members claim common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it

Question 37

Demonstrated descent

Answer 37

Lineage

Question 38

Stipulated descent

Answer 38

Clan

Question 39

Totem

Answer 39

A clan's apical ancestor who is nonhuman (an animal or a plant)

Question 40

Descent groups usually have

Answer 40

Branches that live in different villages

Question 41

Many societies have both

Answer 41

Lineages and clans

Question 42

Descent groups are permanent and

Answer 42

Enduring units whose members have access to lineage estates

Question 43

Patrilineal and matrilineal descent, and post-marital residence rules

Answer 43

Ensures half of the people born in each generation will live on the ancestral estate

Question 44

Two different unilocal rules of post-martial residence

Answer 44

Patrilocality and Matrilocality

Question 45

Patrilocality

Answer 45

Rule for married couples, they move to the husband's community and their children grow up in their father's village

Question 46

Matrilocality

Answer 46

Rule for married couples, they live in the wife's community so their children grow up in their mother's village

Question 47

There is no single definition of _____ to account for across cultures.

Answer 47

Marriage

Question 48

Not a universally valid definition for marriage

Answer 48

A man and woman such that children born are recognized as legitimate offspring

Question 49

Many societies have norms of plural marriage or

Answer 49

Same-sex marriage

Question 50

Some societies focus on civil marriages while

Answer 50

Others focus on religious marriage

Question 51

Some societies focus on biological paternity while

Answer 51

Others focus on social paternity

Question 52

Exogamy

Answer 52

Practice of seeking a spouse outside one's own group

Question 53

Exogamy forces people to

Answer 53

Create and maintain a wide social network

Question 54

Wider social network nurtures, helps, and protects

Answer 54

One's group during times of need

Question 55

Incest

Answer 55

Refers to sexual relations with a relative

Question 56

Incest taboo is

Answer 56

A cultural universal

Question 57

What constitutes incest varies

Answer 57

Widely from culture to culture

Question 58

A cross-cultural study of 87 societies revealed

Answer 58

Incest occurred in several of them

Question 59

A number of classic ethnographies reported incidents of incest among,

Answer 59

Yanomami, Ashanti and Ojibwa

Question 60

Statistics show a significant risk of father-daughter incest under certain conditions,

Answer 60

Such as stepfathers and fathers without significant parental responsibility