Chapter 7- part 2, from manual

Question 1

ADL

Answer 1

activities of daily living

Question 2

Kyphosis

Answer 2

increased posterior thoracic curve in spine

Question 3

Kyphosis-Lordosis (Tight/Shortened Muscles)

Answer 3

Hip flexors, lumbar extensors, anterior chest/shoulders, Latissimus dorsi, Neck extensors

Question 4

Kyphosis-Lordosis (Inhibited/lengthened)

Answer 4

Hip extensors, external obliques, upper back extensors, scapular stabilizers, neck flexors

Question 5

Flat Back posture

Answer 5

decreased anterior lumbar curve

Question 6

flat-back tight muscles

Answer 6

rectus abdominis, upper back extensors, neck extensors, ankle plantar flexors

Question 7

flat-back (inhibited/lengthened)

Answer 7

illacus/psoas major, internal oblique, lumbar extensors, neck flexors

Question 8

sway-back posture

Answer 8

decreased anterior lumbar curve and increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral

Question 9

sway back tight muscles

Answer 9

hamstrings, upper fibers of posterior obliques, lumbar extensors, neck extensors

Question 10

sway back weak/inhibited muscles

Answer 10

illiacus/psoas major, rectus femoris, external oblique, upper back extensors, neck flexors

Question 11

pronated subtalar joint causes

Answer 11

Eversion of foot, internal tibial and femoral rotation, lifts outside of heel, may tighten calf muscles and limit dorsi flextion

Question 12

supination of subtalar joint causes

Answer 12

inversion of foot, external tibial and femoral rotation, lifts inside of heal, limits plantar flexion

Question 13

hip adduction

Answer 13

in standing and in gaitt, hip adduction is a lateral tilt of pelvis, weakens and lengthens hip abductors, which are un able to hold hip level.

Question 14

Anterior pelvic tilt- tight muscles

Answer 14

hip flexors, erector spinae- view in sagittal plane

Question 15

Anterior pelvic tilt- weak muscles

Answer 15

hamstrings, rectus abdominis- view in sagittal plane

Question 16

posterior pelvic tilt- tight muscles

Answer 16

rectus abdominis, hamstrings

Question 17

posterior pelvic tilt- weak muscles

Answer 17

hip flexors, erector spinae

Question 18

Shoulders not level- tight muscles

Answer 18

upper traps, levator scapula, rhomboids- frontal plane of view

Question 19

shoulders asymmetry to midline- tight muscles

Answer 19

lateral trunk flexors(flexed side) - Frontal plane of view

Question 20

protracted shoulders- tight muscles

Answer 20

serratus anterior, anterior scapulohumeral muscles, upper traps (serratus anterior is tight with scap protraction and lengthened with scap winging)- view in sagittal plane

Question 21

medially rotated humerus - tight muscles

Answer 21

pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi (shoulder adductors), subscapularis - view from frontal plane

Question 22

kyphosis and depressed chest- tight muscles

Answer 22

shoulders adductors, pectoralis minor, rectus abdominis, internal obliques- view from sagittal plane

Question 23

Forward head position- tight muscles

Answer 23

cervical spine extensors, upper traps, levator scapulae, view from sagittal plane

Question 24

ASIS

Answer 24

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 25

PSIS

Answer 25

Posterior superior iliac spine

Question 26

5 Primary Movements

Answer 26

1. Bending/Raising and lifting/lowering 2. Single leg movements 3. Pushing movements 4. Pulling Movements 5. Rotational movements

Question 27

Bend and lift screen- lack of foot stability: ankles collapse inward/outward- tight muscles

Answer 27

soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals

Question 28

Bend and lift screen- lack of foot stability: ankles collapse inward/outward- weak muscles

Answer 28

medial gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, tibialis group

Question 29

Bend and lift screen- knee moves inward- tight muscles

Answer 29

hip adductors, tensor fascia latae

Question 30

Bend and lift screen- knee moves inward- weak muscles

Answer 30

gluteus Medius and maximus

Question 31

Bend and lift screen- Torso, lateral shift to a side

Answer 31

side dominance and muscle imbalance due to potential lack of stability in the lower extremity during joint loading

Question 32

Bend and lift screen- unable to keep heels in contact with the floor- tight muscles

Answer 32

plantar flexors (no weak muscles)

Question 33

Bend and lift screen- observing hip/knee- movement initiated at knee

Answer 33

movement initiated at knees may indicate quad and hip flexor dominance as well as insufficient activation of the gluteus group

Question 34

Bend and lift screen- unable to get parallel between tibia and torso

Answer 34

poor mechanics, lack of dorsi flexion due to tight plantar flexors (which normally allow the tibia to move forward)

Question 35

Bend and lift screen- hamstring contact back of calves

Answer 35

muscles weakness and poor mechanics, resulting in an inability to stabilize and control the lowering phase

Question 36

Bend and lift screen- back excessively arches- tight muscles

Answer 36

hip flexors, back extensors, lats

Question 37

Bend and lift screen- back excessively arches- weak muscles

Answer 37

core, rectus abdominis, gluteal group, hamstrings

Question 38

Bend and lift screen- back rounds forward- tight muscles

Answer 38

lats, teres major, pectoralis major and minor

Question 39

Bend and lift screen- back rounds forward- weak muscles

Answer 39

upper back extensors

Question 40

Bend and lift screen- head downward

Answer 40

increased hip and trunk flexion

Question 41

Bend and lift screen- head upward

Answer 41

compression and tightness in the cervical extensor region

Question 42

Hurdle step screen- lack of foot stability, ankle collapse inward/feet turn outward- tight muscles

Answer 42

soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, peroneals

Question 43

Hurdle step screen- lack of foot stability, ankle collapse inward/feet turn outward- weak muscles

Answer 43

medial gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, tibialis group, gluetus medius and macimus, inability to control internal rotation

Question 44

Hurdle step screen- knees move inward- tight muscles

Answer 44

hip adductors, tensor fascia latae

Question 45

Hurdle step screen- knees move inward- weak muscles

Answer 45

gluteus medius and maximus

Question 46

Hurdle step screen- hip adduction > 2in - tight muscles

Answer 46

hip adductors, tensor facia latae

Question 47

Hurdle step screen- hip adduction > 2in- weak muscles

Answer 47

gluteus medius and maximus

Question 48

Hurdle step screen- stance leg hip inward rotation- tight muscles

Answer 48

stance leg or raised-leg internal rotators

Question 49

Hurdle step screen- stance leg hip inward rotation- weak muscles

Answer 49

stance-leg or raised leg external rotators

Question 50

Hurdle step screen- lack of dorsiflextion in raises leg- tight/weak muscles

Answer 50

tight plantar flexors and weak dorsiflexors

Question 51

Hurdle step screen- raised leg deviates from sagittal plane- tight and weak muscles

Answer 51

tight raised leg hip extensors and weak raises leg hip flexors

Question 52

Hurdle step screen- hiking the raises hip- tight muscles

Answer 52

stance leg hip flexors are tight, limiting posterior hip rotation during raise

Question 53

Hurdle step screen- anterior tilt with forward torso lean, tight and weak muscles

Answer 53

tight stance leg hip flexors, weak rectus abdominis and hip extensors

Question 54

Hurdle step screen- posterior tilt with hunched -over torso, tight and weak muscles

Answer 54

tight rectus abdominis and hip extensors, weak stance leg hip flexors

Question 55

Shoulder push stabilization screen- winging during push up

Answer 55

inability of parascapular muscles to stabilize against rib cage (serratus anterior, taps, levator scapula, rhomboids)

Question 56

Shoulder push stabilization screen- hyperextension or collasping of low back

Answer 56

lack of core, abdominal and low back strength

Question 57

Thoracic spine mobility screen- how many degrees is normal?

Answer 57

45 degrees each direction

Question 58

thoracic spine mobility screen- bilateral discrepancy

Answer 58

Side dominance

Question 59

Thomas test, back of lowered thigh does not touch table,knee does not flex 80 degrees

Answer 59

tight hip flexors

Question 60

thomas test, back of lowered thigh does not touch table, but knee DOES flex 80 degrees

Answer 60

tight iliopsoas, preventing hip from rotating posteriorly and inhibiting the thigh from being able to touch the table

Question 61

Thomas test, back of lowered thigh DOES touch table, but knee does NOT flex to 80 degrees

Answer 61

tight rectus femoris which does not allow knee to bend

Question 62

Passive straight leg raise (PSL), raises leg > 80 degrees of movement

Answer 62

normal hamstring length

Question 63

Passive straight leg raise (PSL), raised leg < 80 degrees, or opposite leg lifts off mat

Answer 63

tight hamstrings

Question 64

Shoulder flexion test, inability to flex to 170 degrees

Answer 64

potential tightness in pec major and minor, lats, teres major, rhomboids and subscapularis

Question 65

Shoulder extension test, inability to extend shoulder to 50 degrees

Answer 65

potential tightness in pec major, abs, subscapularis and bicep brachii

Question 66

Shoulder external/lateral rotation, inability to reach floor

Answer 66

tightness in internal rotators of the arm

Question 67

shoulder internal/medial rotation, inability to internally rotate forearm 70 degrees

Answer 67

tightness in external rotators of the arm