Chapter 7: Prejudice in Children

Question 1

Answer:

what does prejudice in children tell us about

Answer 1

Categorization is necessary for efficiency; children are learning categories

Question 2

What is

Maime and Kenneth clarks doll study

Answer 2

Ask children which doll is good, bad or other wise

dolls are either black or white

Question 3

Define:

evolutionary theory of prejudice

2 points

Answer 3

• through natural selection people have evolved a fear of strangers, expressed as prejudice, as a way of protecting themselves and their communities form possible harm by outsiders
• at least some of the cause of prejudice resides in our genetic make up

Question 4

Answer:

what is the main idea of theory of cognitive development of prejudice

Answer 4

kid’s cognitive abilities increase with age

their changing abilities affect how they perceive others, including out group members

Question 5

what is

Stage one

cognitive development of prejudice

Answer 5

• infants and toddlers
• prejudice is based on emotional responses to others and a focus on the self
• thinking is egocentric

Question 6

List:

emotions associated with prejudice in stage 1

cognitive development of prejudice

Answer 6

• fear
• sadness
• disapproval

NOT anger/hostility

Question 7

What is:

Stage 2

cognitive development of prejudice

Answer 7

• children develop understanding of social categories (initially focusing on differences)
• us vs them view of groups
• later also become aware of intergroup similarities

Question 8

What is:

Stage 3

cognitive development of prejudice

Answer 8

• conceptual understanding develops
• categories are seen as permanent characteristic (category constancy)
• learn to individuate others
• individuation leads to decline in prejudice

Question 9

List:

Social influences

6 points

Answer 9

• parents
• siblings
• peers
• extended family
• school/ religion/ neighborhood
• Media

Question 10

Define:

Direct teaching

Answer 10

an individual is rewarded for behaving a certain way

Question 11

Define:

observational learning

Answer 11

imitating behavior of a model

Question 12

Define

vicarious learning

Answer 12

when a person sees someone being reinforced for their behavior, the child might mimic behavior that is reinforced

Question 13

Answer:

How does most teaching children prejudice happen?

Answer 13

modeling and imitation of attitudes/ behaviors

Question 14

Answer:

when does drop off of prejudice happen?

Answer 14

7-8 yrs old

Question 15

Answer:

Why does drop off of prejudice occur?

3 points

Answer 15

• real change might be taking place
• pick up on societal cues that prejudice is bad
• develop motivation to control prejudice

Question 16

Define:

desegregation

as it relates to schools

Answer 16

having different races in the school

this doesn’t mean integration

Question 17

Define:

Integration

as it relates to school

Answer 17

no disparities between racial groups

Question 18

list:

Conditions for integration

4 points

Answer 18

• in-groups and outgroups must have equal status in School
• groups must work together to achieve common goals
• students from different groups must be able to get to know each other
• school authorities must clearly support the the effort to improve intergroup relations