chapter 7 pt 2

Question 1

type of polysaccharides that differ from each other in the relativity of their recurring monosaccharides units, in the length of their chains, in the types bonds limiting the units & in the degree of branching

Answer 1

Glycons

Question 2

contain only a singular monomer species

Answer 2

homopolysaccharides

Question 3

contains two or more different kinds (repeating disaccharides) (can have a linear or branched linkages based on enzyme specificity)

Answer 3

Heteropolysaccharides

Question 4

structure arise from linkage type between ____ (structure support functions)

Answer 4

monomers

Question 5

connections can occur from: 1 > ?, 1 > ?, 1-? (for alpha or beta)

Answer 5

2, 4, 6

Question 6

some homopolysaccharides are storage forms of _____

Answer 6

fuel

Question 7

most important storage polysaccharide are _____ in plant cells and _____ in animal cells and _____ (plant structural polymer)

Answer 7

starch; glycogen; cellulose

Question 8

some homopolysaccharides serve _____ roles

Answer 8

structural

Question 9

a water insoluble substance found in the cell wall of plants

Answer 9

cellulose

Question 10

a linear homopolysaccharides composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues M(B1-4) linkage

Answer 10

chitin

Question 11

steric factors & hydrogen bonding influence ______ folding

Answer 11

homopolysaccharide

Question 12

a mixture of sulfated heteropolysaccharides make up of D-galactose and an L-galactose derivative either linked between C-3 and C-6

Answer 12

Agar

Question 13

the agar component with the fewest charged groups

Answer 13

Agarose

Question 14

• ______ are long, unbranched heteroglycans of repeating disaccharides linked to protein Ser or the residue
• heteropolysaccharides of the extracellular matrix
  -highly viscous texture (slimy, mucous-like, elastic) due to hydration

Answer 14

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 15

gel-like material that fills the extracellular space in the tissues of the multicellular animals (also called the ground substance)

Answer 15

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 16

-specialized ECM heteropolysaccharides such as ______ are a family of linear polymers composed of repeating disaccharide units

Answer 16

glycosaminoglycans

Question 17

What are glycosaminoglycans composed of?

Answer 17

composed of glucuronate, amino, and modified sugars (COO- and SO4-)

Question 18

______ are polysaccharides and peptides

Answer 18

Glycoconjugates

Question 19

what is the function of glycosaminoglycans?
ex: Heparin segment

Answer 19

extracellular matrix mesh with fibrous proteins (collagen) in connective tissues, synovial fluid, eye vitreous humor

Question 20

function of Heparin segment

Answer 20

binds to some cells to regulate blood vessel formation and reduces viral/ bacterial virulence

Question 21

contains alternating residues of D-glucuronic acid & N-acetylglucosamine

Answer 21

Glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)

Question 22

component of the ECM of cartilage & tendons to which it contributes tensile strength & elasticity as a result of its strong noncovalent interactions with other components of the matrix

Answer 22

Hyaluronan

Question 23

contributes to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, heart valves, and the walls of the aorta

Answer 23

Chondroitin sulfate

Question 24

contributes to the pliability of skin and also present in blood vessels and heart valves

Answer 24

Dermatan sulfate

Question 25

has no uronic acid and their sulfate content is variable

Answer 25

Keratan sulfate

Question 26

produced by all animal cells and contains variable arrangements of sulfated and non sulfated sugars

Answer 26

Heparan sulfate

Question 27

polysaccharides & _______ are information carriers carbohydrates

Answer 27

oligosaccharides

Question 28

informational carbohydrate is covalently joined to a protein or a lipid to form a _____

Answer 28

glycoconjugate (biologically active molecule)

Question 29

-macromolecules of the cell surface or ECM -major components of all extracellular matrixes

Answer 29

Proteoglycans

Question 30

have one or more oligosaccharides of varying complexity joined covalently to a protein

Answer 30

Glycoproteins

Question 31

What are glycosphingolipids?

Answer 31

plasma membrane components in which the hydrophilic head groups are oligosaccharides

Question 32

neurons are rich in glycosphingolipids which help in _____ conduction and ______ formation

Answer 32

nerve; myelin

Question 33

2 major families of proteoglycans that contain heparan sulfate chains:

Answer 33

syndecans & glypicans

Question 34

have a single transmembrane domain & an extracellular domain bearing 3 to 5 chains of Heparan sulfate & some cases chondroitin sulfate

Answer 34

syndecans

Question 35

attached to the membrane by a lipid anchor a derivative of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol

Answer 35

glypicans

Question 36

some proteoglycans can form _____ _________

Answer 36

proteoglycan aggregates

Question 37

what are proteoglycan aggregates?

Answer 37

enormous supramolecular assemblies of many core proteins all bound to a single molecule of hyaluronan

Question 38

glycoproteins have ______ attached oligosaccharides

Answer 38

covalently

Question 39

Glycolipids and ____ are membrane components

Answer 39

lipopolysaccharides