Chapter 7 - Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus; air sac
2
Q
anthrac/o
A
coal
3
Q
atel/o
A
incomplete
4
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchus
5
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus
6
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
7
Q
coni/o
A
dust
8
Q
diaphragmat/o
A
diaphragm
9
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
10
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
11
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
12
Q
nas/o
A
nose
13
Q
orth/o
A
straight, upright
14
Q
ox/o, ox/i
A
oxygen
15
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
16
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
17
Q
pneum/o
A
lung, air
18
Q
pneumon/o
A
lung, air
19
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
20
Q
rhin/o
A
nose
21
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus, cavity
22
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
23
Q
trache/o
A
trachea, windpipe
24
Q
-capnia
A
carbon dioxide
25
-ectasis
dilated, expansion
26
-osmia
smell
27
-phonia
voice
28
-pnea
breathing
29
-ptysis
spitting
30
-thorax
chest
31
bronchogram
record of the bronchus
32
bronchitis
inflammation of a bronchus
33
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
34
bronchogenic
produced by the bronchus
35
bronchoscope
instrument to view inside of a bronchus
36
bronchospasm
involuntary muscle spasm of bronchus
37
bronchial
pertaining to a bronchus
38
bronchiectasis
dilated bronchus
39
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
40
laryngectomy
removal of the voice box
41
laryngitis
inflammation of the voice box
42
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the voice box
43
laryngoscope
instrument to view voice box
44
laryngeal
pertaining to the voice box
45
laryngoplegia
paralysis of the voice box
46
lobectomy
removal of a (lung) lobe
47
oximeter
instrument to measure oxygen
48
anoxia
condition of no oxygen
49
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygen in the blood
50
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen condition
51
pleurocentesis
puncture of the pleura to withdraw fluid
52
pleurectomy
removal of the pleura
53
pleurodynia
pleural pain
54
pharyngitis
throat inflammation (sore throat)
55
pharyngeal
pertaining to the throat
56
nasopharyngitis
nose and throat inflammation
| ie common cold
57
pulmonologist
lung specialist
58
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
59
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
60
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of nose fungus
61
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
62
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow (of blood) from the nose
63
rhinorrhea
nose discharge (i.e. runny nose)
64
pansinusitis
inflammation of all the sinuses
65
thoracalgia
chest pain
66
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
67
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
68
endotracheal
pertaining to inside the trachea
69
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
70
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
71
alphonia
no voice
72
dysphonia
abnormal voice
73
acapnia
lack of carbon dioxide
74
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide
75
anosmia
lack of (sense of) smell
76
apnea
not breathing
77
bradypnea
slow breathing
78
dyspnea
difficult, labored breathing
79
eupnea
normal breathing
80
Hyperpnea
Excessive (deep) breathing
81
Hypopnea
Insufficient (shallow) breathing
82
Orthopnea
(Sitting) straight breathing
83
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
84
Hemothorax
Blood in the chest
85
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest
86
Pneumothorax
Air in the chest
87
Asphyxia
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death
Asphyxiation or suffocation
Common causes include drowning, foreign body in the respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock
88
Aspiration
Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction.
Ex. Using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the pleural cavity or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patients airways.
Refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into the airways which may lead to the development of pneumonia.
89
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods ( 10 to 60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing.
Named for John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, and Sir William Stokes an Irish surgeon
90
Clubbing
Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency.
Seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions or circulatory problems.
91
Cyanosis
Refers to the bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation.
92
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
93
Hemoptysis
To cough up blood or blood-stained sputum
94
Hyperventilation
To breath both too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)
95
Hypoventilation
To breath both too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (Hypopnea).
96
Internal medicine
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system .
Physician is an internist
97
Nasal Cannula
Two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into the nose;
One prong is inserted into each naris
98
Orthopnea
A term to describe dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat.
In other words the patient is able to breath easier when sitting straight up.
99
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, throat region.
The physician is an Otorhinolaryngologist
100
Patent
Open or unblocked, such as a patent airway
101
Percussion
Use of the fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath the surface.
Determined in part by the feel of the surface as it is tapped and the sound generated.
102
Phlegm
Thick mucus secreted by the membranes that line the respiratory tract.
When phlegm is coughed through the mouth, it is called sputum.
Examined for color odor and consistency
103
Pleural rub
Grating sound made when the two layers of the pleural rub together during respiration.
Caused when one of the surfaces becomes thicker as a result of inflammation or other disease conditions.
This rub can be felt through the fingertips when they are placed on the chest wall or heard through the stethoscope
104
Pulmonology
Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.
Physician is a pulmonologist
105
Rales
Abnormal crackling sound made during inspiration. Usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airways
106
Respiratory therapy
Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders.
Duties of a respiratory therapist include conducting pulmonary function tests, monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, administering breathing treatments, and ventilator management.
107
Rhonchi
Somewhat musical sound during expiration, often found in asthma or infection.
Caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes tubes.
Also caused wheezing
108
Shortness of breath (SOB)
Term used to indicate that a patient is having some difficulty breathing ; also called dyspnea.
Causes range from mild SOB after exercise to SOB associated with heart disease
109
Sputum
Mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract
110
Stridor
Harsh, high pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx .
Found in conditions such as croup in children
111
Thoracic surgery
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means
112
Croup
Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children that is characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor.
113
Diphtheria
Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate.
Rare now due to the DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine
114
Pertussis
Commonly called whooping cough, due to the whoop sound made when coughing.
An infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots
115
Asthma
Disease caused by various conditions, like allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing and wheezing.
Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not a life-threatening condition.
Medication can be very effective
116
Bronchiectasis
Abnormal enlargement of bronchi
May be the result of a lung infection
Irreversible, destruction of the bronchial walls.
Major symptoms include coughing up a large amount of purulent sputum, rales, and hemoptysis.
117
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi.
Usually associated with a history of cigarette smoking
118
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.
May follow trauma, pneumonia, or septic infections.
Also called acute respiratory distress syndrome
119
Anthracosis
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung.
Also called black lung or miners lung
120
Asbestosis
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs.
May lead to the development of lung cancer
121
Atelectasis
Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide .
Can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object.
Term also used to describe the failure of a newborns lungs to expand
122
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Progressive, chronic and usually irreversible group of conditions, like emphysema, in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).
The person may have dyspnea upon exertion and a cough
123
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction.
Patient produces a very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system.
Through more advanced treatment many children are now living into adulthood with this desease
124
Emphysema
Pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in fewer over expanded air sacs.
Can occur as a result of long-term heavy smoking. Air pollution
Also worsens this disease. The patient may not be able to breathe except in a sitting or standing position.
125
Histoplasmosis
Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, found in dust and in the droppings of pigeons and chickens.
126
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
A lung condition most commonly found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting.
Caused by a lack of surfactant necessary to keep the lungs inflated.
Also called hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
127
Influenza
Viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue
Commonly called the flu
128
Legionnaires disease
Severe often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage
129
Mycoplasma pneumonia
A less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia caused by the mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria
Also called walking pneumonia
130
Pneumoconiosis
Condition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic. Can be the result of inhaling coal dust (anthracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis)
131
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
Pneumonia with unproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus pneumocystis carinii.
An opportunistic infection often seen in those with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients.
132
Pneumonia
Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals.
Results in the filling of the alveoli and air spaces with fluid.
133
Pulmonary edema
Condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli.
Results in dyspnea.
134
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches.
May cause an infarction in the lung tissue
135
Pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand the lungs.
May be caused by infections, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, and toxin exposure.
136
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea,
high fatality rate
137
Silicosis
Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica (quartz) dust found in quarrying, glass works, sand blasting, and ceramics.
138
Sleep apnea
Condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause a drop in oxygen levels in the blood.
139
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under one year of age.
The child suddenly stops breathing for unknown reasons
140
Tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Most commonly affects the respiratory system causes inflammation and calcification in the lungs.
141
Empyema
Pus within the pleural space usually associated with a bacterial infection.
Also called pyothorax
142
Pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding.
Physicians can detect by tapping chest (percussion) or stethoscope (auscultation)
143
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath.
Also called pleuritis.
144
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung
145
Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Testing for the gases present in the blood.
Used to assist in determining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
146
Sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Testing sputum by placing it on a culture medium and observing any bacterial growth.
The specimen is then tested to determine antibiotic effectiveness
147
Sputum cytology
Examining sputum for malignant cells
148
Bronchography
X-Ray of lung after a radiopaque substance has been inserted into the trachea or bronchial tube. Resulting x-ray is called a bronchogram
149
Chest x-ray (CXR)
Taking a radiographic picture of the lungs and heart from the back and sides
150
Pulmonary angiography
Injecting dye into a blood vessel for the purpose of taking an X-ray of the arteries and veins of the lungs
151
Ventilation-perfusion scan
A nuclear medicine diagnostic test that is especially useful in identifying pulmonary emboli.
Radioactive air inhaled to determine if air is filling up entire lung.
Radioactive intravenous injection shows whether blood is flowing to all parts of the lung
152
Bronchoscopy (Bronch)
Visual examination of the inside of the bronchi; uses an instrument called a bronchoscope.
153
Laryngoscopy
Examination of the interior of the larynx with a lighted instrument called a Laryngoscope
154
Oximetry
Measures oxygen level in blood using oximeter, which is placed on the patients fingertip or ear lobe
155
Pulmonary function test (PFT)
A group of diagnostic tests that give information regarding air flow in and out of the lungs, lung volumes, and has exchange between lungs and bloodstream
156
Spirometry
Procedure to measure lung capacity using a spirometer
157
Polysomnography
Monitoring a patient while sleeping to identify sleep apnea.
Also called sleep apnea study
158
Sweat test.
A test for cystic fibrosis.
Patients with the disease have an abnormally large amount of salt in their sweat.
159
Tuberculin skin tests (TB test)
Applying the tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) under the surface of the skin to determine if the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis.
Also called a Tine or Mantoux test.
160
Aerosol therapy
Medication suspended in a mist that is intended to be inhaled.
Delivered by a nebulizer, which delivers the mist for a period of time while the patient breathes.
Metered dose inhaler (MDI), which delivers a single puff of mist.
161
Endotracheal intubation
Placing a tube through the mouth, through the glottis, and into the trachea to create a patent airway
162
Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)
Method for assisting patients in breathing using a mask that is connected to a machine that produces an increased positive thoracic pressure.
163
Postural drainage
Drainage of secretions from the bronchi by placing the patient in a position that uses gravity to promote drainage
Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, and Bronchiectasis
164
Supplemental oxygen therapy
Providing a patient with additional concentration of oxygen to improve oxygen levels in the bloodstream.
Oxygen may be provided by a mask or nasal cannula
165
Ventilator
A machine that provides artificial ventilation for a patient unable to breathe on his or her own.
Also called a respirator.
166
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for the removal of fluids.
Also called thoracocentesis
167
Thoracostomy
Insertion of a tube into the chest for the purpose of draining off fluid or air. Also called chest tube
168
Tracheostomy
A surgical procedure often performed in an emergency that creates an opening directly into the trachea to allow the patient to breathe easier; also called tracheotomy
169
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Emergency treatment provided by persons trained in CPR and given to patients when their respirations and heart stop.
Provides oxygen to the brain, heart, and other vital organs until medical treatment can restore a normal heart and pulmonary function.
170
Heimlich maneuver
Technique for removing a foreign body from the trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure. Named for Harry Heimlich, a US thoracic surgeon.
171
Antibiotic
Kills bacteria causing respiratory infections.
Ampicillin; amoxicillin, Amoxil; ciprofloxacin, Cipro
172
Antihistamine
Blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack.
Fexofenadine, Allegra; loratadine, Claritan; diphenhydramine, Benadryl
173
Antitussive
Relieves urge to cough
Hydrocodon, Hycodan; Dextromethorphan, Vicks Formula 44
174
Bronchodilator
Relaxes muscle spasms in bronchial tubes. Used to treat asthma.
Albuterol, proventil, Ventolin; salmetrol, serevant; theophylline, Theo-Dur
175
Corticosteroids
Reduces stuffiness and congestion throughout the respiratory system
Oxymetazoline, Afrin, Dristan, Sinex; pseudoephedrine, Drixoral, Sudafed
176
Expectorant
Improves the stability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract.
Guaifenesin, robitussin, Mucinex
177
Mucolytic
Liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough. And clear it from the respiratory tract.
N-acetyl-cysteine, Mucomyst
178
ABGs
Arterial blood gases
179
ARDS
adult (or acute) respiratory distress syndrome
180
Bronch
Bronchoscopy
181
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
182
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
183
C&S
Culture and sensitivity
184
CTA
Clear to auscultation
185
CXR
Chest X-Ray
186
DOE
Dyspnea on exertion
187
DPT
Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus injection
188
ENT
Ear, nose, and throat
189
ERV
Expiratory reserve volume
190
FRC
Functional residual capacity
191
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
192
IC
Inspiratory capacity
193
IPPB
Intermittent positive pressure breathing
194
IRDS
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
195
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
196
LLL
Left lower lobe
197
LUL
Left upper lobe
198
MDI
Metered dose inhaler
199
PCP
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
200
PFT
Pulmonary function test
201
PPD
Purified protein derivative
202
R
Respiration
203
RA
Room air
204
RDS
Respiratory distress syndrome
205
RLL
Right lower lobe
206
RML
Right middle lobe
207
RRT
Registered respiratory therapist
208
RV
Reserve volume
209
RUL
Right upper lobe
210
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
211
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
212
SOB
Shortness of Breath
213
TB
Tuberculosis
214
TLC
Total lung capacity
215
TPR
Temperature, pulse, and respiration
216
TV
Tidal volume
217
URI
Upper respiratory infection
218
VC
Vital capacity.
