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FF1/FF2 > Chapter 7: Ropes & Knots > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Ropes & Knots Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of rope found in fire service

A

life-safety and utility rope

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2
Q

Life-Safety Rope

A

Rope that meets the requirements of NFPA 1983 and is dedicated solely for the purpose of constructing lines to be used for the raising, lowering or supporting people during rescue, firefighting or other emergency operations, or during training.

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3
Q

Criteria to consider before a life-safety rope is reused in life-safety situations:

A
  1. Rope must not be visibly damaged
  2. Rope must not show abrasions or have been exposed to high temp or direct flame.
  3. Rope has not been impact loaded
    4 Rope must not have been exposed to liquids, solids, gases, mists or vapors from any chemical or material that can deteriorate rope.
  4. Rope must pass inspection made by a qualified person both before and after each use. Inspection procedures must follow manufacturer’s recommendations.
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4
Q

Impact Loaded

A

A force applied to a rope when it suddenly stops a falling load

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5
Q

Life-Safety rope that fails inspection should be…..

A

….. destroyed immediately. Meaning it should be altered in a manner that it cannot be mistaken for life-safety rope and inadvertently used in that application again.

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6
Q

Utility Rope

A

Rope to be used in any situation that requires a rope - except life-safety applications. Utility ropes can be used for hoisting equipment, securing unstable objects and cordoning off an area.

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7
Q

Natural Fiber rope materials

A

Hemp (manila or sisal) or cotton

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8
Q

Synthetic Fiber Rope

A

Rope featuring continuous fibers running the entire length of the rope; has excellent resistance to mildew and rotting, has excellent strength and is easy to maintain.

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9
Q

Dynamic Rope

A

Rope that stretches farther tan a static rope. Used when long falls are possible, stretch without breaking. Not considered practical for rescue or hauling applications.

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10
Q

Static Rope

A

Rope that will stretch a relatively short distance under load. NFPA 1983 = must not elongate more than 10 percent when tested under a load equal to 10 % of its breaking strength

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11
Q

Three Categories of Life-Safety rope

A

Light-use; general use, and throwline

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12
Q

Light use Life-Safety rope

A

3/8 inch in diameter or greater, but less than 1/2 inch. It is intended to support the weight of one person, minimum breaking strength of almost 4500lbs and maximum safe working load limit of 300 lbs

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13
Q

General use life-safety rope

A

7/8 in diameter or great, but less than or equal to 5/8 inch. Intended to support the weight of two persons, minimum breaking strength of nearly 900lbs and a maximum safe working load limit of 600lbs

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14
Q

Throwline life-safety rope

A

19/64 inch diameter or greater, but less than 3/8 inch. Used to tether rescuers during water rescues or to throw to a victim in the water. Minimum breaking strength of almost 3000lbs and maximum safe working load limit of 200 lbs.

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15
Q

Escape rope

A

Not considered either life-safety or utility by NFPA1983, escape rope is constructed in the same manner as life-safety rope. Must meet generally the same elongation, breaking strength, and safe working load requirements as throwline. Intended for one time use only.

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16
Q

Kernmantle Rope

A

A jacketed rope, is composed of a braided covering or sheath (mantle) over a core (kern) of the main load-bearing strands. The core is made of high-strength fibers, accounting for 75% of total strength of the rope.

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17
Q

Laid Rope

A

Rope constructed by twisting several groups of individual strands together. Typical of most natural fiber ropes. Easily inspected, but also easily damaged. Utility rope.

18
Q

Braided Rope

A

Rope constructed by uniformly intertwining strands of rope together. Load-bearing fibers are subject to direct abrasion and damage. Most commonly utility rope.

19
Q

Braid-on-braid Rope

A

Rope constructed with both a braided core and a braided sheath. The appearance of the sheath is that of a herringbone pattern. Very strong, half o strength in sheath and the other in the core. Its disadvantage is that it does not resist abrasion as well as kernmantle. Sheath may slide along the core. Typically used as utility rope

20
Q

Inspecting rope should be….

A

…. done after each use. Unused rope should be inspected annually. Done by both visual and touch. Any damage found and the rope should be taken out of service. Document all inspection in rope log.

21
Q

Rope Log

A

A record that is kept by a department throughout a rope’s working life. The date of each use and the inspection/maintenance records for the rope should be entered into the log, which should be kept in a waterproof envelope and placed in a pocket that is usually sewn on the side of the rope’s storage bog.

22
Q

Cleaning Natural Fiber Rope

A

Cannot be cleaned effectively because water eventually weakens fibers

23
Q

Cleaning Synthetic Rope

A

Cool water and mild soap are least likely to damage.

Washing by hand, using rope-washing device, or placing it in a front loading washing machine.

24
Q

Storage of Life Safety Rope

A

In spaces or compartments that are clean and dry but have adequate ventilation. Should not be exposed to chemical contaminants (battery acid or hydrocarbon fuels)

25
Q

Bagging Rope

A

Best method for storing kernmantle rope and other life-safety rope. Can be deployed quickly by holding the end of the rope and throwing or dropping the bag.

26
Q

Coiling/Uncoiling of rope

A

Improperly coiled rope may become tangles and fail to uncoil, resulting in the failure of an evolution.

27
Q

Webbing

A

Synthetic nylon, spiral weave, tubular material used for creating anchors, lashings, and for packaging patients and rescuers.

28
Q

Running End of a Knot

A

part of the rope that is to be used for work such as hoisting, pulling or belaying

29
Q

Working in of Knot

A

part of the rope that is to be used in forming the knot. AKA Bitter end or loose end

30
Q

Standing Part

A

That part of a rope between the working end and the running end.

31
Q

Elements of a Knot

A

To be suitable for use in rescue, a knot must be easy to tie and untie, be secure under load, and recue the rope’s strength as little as possible

32
Q

Names for the bends that a rope undergoes

A

Bight, Loop and round turn

33
Q

Overhand Safety Knot

A

not used in conjunction with other knots to eliminate the danger of the running end of the rope slipping back through the knot, causing the knot to fail.

34
Q

Clove Hitch Knot

A

Knot that consists essentially of two half-hitches. Its principal use is to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post or hose. Not suitable for anchoring of life-safety rope

35
Q

Figure Eight Knot

A

Knot used to form a loop in the end of rope; should be used in place of the bowline knot when working with synthetic rope. Also used as a stopper knot so the rope will not pass-through grommet of rope bag.

36
Q

Figure Eight Bend

A

Used primarily to tie ropes of equal diameters together. AKA Flemish Knot

37
Q

Figure Eight on a Bight

A

Good way to tie a closed loop in the end of a rope.

38
Q

Figure eight Follow Through

A

Used to secure a rope around an object.

39
Q

Carabiner

A

Metal snap link used to connect elements of a rescue system together. 2 actions are required to be used during rescue.

40
Q

Pulleys

A

used in rescue systems to change the direction of pull or create mechanical advantage.

41
Q

Hoisting safety Considerations

A
  1. Have solid footing and make necessary preparations before starting
  2. Use the hand-over-hand method to maintain control of rope
  3. Use an edge roller or padding to protect rope
  4. Work in teams to ensure FF safety
  5. Look to ensure all personnel are clear of are
  6. Avoid hoisting operations near obstructions
  7. Secure nozzles of any charge hose lines
  8. Use a guideline to help control objects

FF1/FF2 (13 decks)

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