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Positive Psychology > Chapter 7 - Textbook + PPTs > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Textbook + PPTs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 theories of excellence?

A

Innate genius theory, learning excellence, intensive practice,
physical and emotional characteristics, and single domain

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2
Q

Define innate genius theory

A

The theory that some people are just born brilliant

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3
Q

Define learning excellence

A

The idea that you have to learn to be excellent

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4
Q

Define intensive practice

A

The theory that you need 10K hours of practice at something to be brilliant at it

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5
Q

What things contribute to the development of excellence?

A

Large knowledge base of chosen domain, commitment to the domain, extensive and consistent practice, and deliberate practice

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6
Q

True or false: There is no such thing as over-practicing

A

False, over-practicing is a thing and is very harmful

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7
Q

Define resonance

A

A cyclical process that guides development of excellence in many areas of expertise

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8
Q

What does the resonance theory say about obstacles?

A

That you don’t simply overcome the obstacle; because it’s cyclical you end up revisiting your original dream and become reinspired. Lets you reconnect with the positive experiences you first had and embrace the obstacles.

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9
Q

Define passion

A

Intense interest and personal commitment to an activity regarded as central to one’s self

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10
Q

What are the two elements of the dualistic model of passion?

A

Harmonious and obsessive passion

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11
Q

Describe obsessive passion

A

Passion that involves feelings of being controlled, often involves rigid persistence, and may create
conflicts within one’s identity and life, as well as feelings of anxiety and even shame.

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12
Q

Define grit

A

Self-discipline, passion, and persistence

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13
Q

Does grit increase or decrease with age?

A

Increase

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14
Q

What is a better predictor of academic performance than both IQ and SAT scores?

A

Grit

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15
Q

A key element responsible for higher achievement and success is ______

A

Grit

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16
Q

Define aesthetics

A

An appreciation of the beautiful and the sublime

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17
Q

One of the 24 virtues listed in Values in Action (VIA) is what?

A

Aesthetics

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18
Q

The desire to stimulate the aesthetic sense has existed since when?

A

The beginnings of humanity

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19
Q

Ability to recognize distinct emotions in music relates to what?

A

Emotional intelligence

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20
Q

Define excellence

A

The acquisition of extraordinary skill in a specific area of

expertise

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21
Q

Define deliberate practice

A

Practice that is focused, planned, concentrated, and effortful. Deliberate practice is focused on the immediate task with attention at every moment to what one is doing correctly or incorrectly.

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22
Q

What is the 10 year rule?

A

It states that it takes at least a decade of dedicated, consistent practice before one can attain a high level of excellence

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23
Q

What are the 4 stages of the resonance performance model (RPM)?

A

The dream, preparation, obstacles, and revisit the dream

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24
Q

Define harmonious passion

A

Passion that’s the result of autonomous motivation, is freely chosen, seems to “fit” with one’s identity, and is engaged in joyously and effortlessly. Often accompanied by flow

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25
Give two examples of common obsessive passions
Gambling and internet addiction
26
Harmonious passion may exert its greatest effect if it helps meet one’s needs for what four things?
Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and achievement
27
Grit is the combination of what three ideas?
Passion, persistence, and self discipline
28
When does grit increase life satisfaction?
When grit is combined with the | satisfaction of one’s needs for autonomy and competence
29
What is one example of a place with poor aesthetics?
Prisons
30
What are the four attributes of aesthetic experience?
Pleasure, absorption, intrinsic interest, and challenge
31
True or false: Gazing at an attractive object increases our sense of well-being
True
32
According to Dewey, why is an aesthetic sense is necessary for well-being?
Because it creates a heightened vitality that is restorative
33
Interesting objects, intriguing patterns, and unexpected color combinations can do what?
Stimulate our sense of curiosity
34
What is the Mozart effect?
The idea that art can enhance intelligence
35
What's a less common use for aesthetics?
A pathway to greater personal growth.
36
What was Sigmund Freud was alluding to when he said, | “Everywhere I go, I find a poet has been there before me."?
The idea that art can challenge us to look deeper within ourselves, to search for new ways to express emotions, and to help us step outside our personal comfort zones to experience life in fresh ways.
37
Name a famous case of how changes in aesthetics are not always welcome
The first performance of | Stravinsky’s Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) in Paris in 1913
38
What is Seligman's PERMA model?
Positive emotions, engagement in life, positive relationships, meaningfulness, and accomplishments
39
What genres of music can be harmful?
Grunge rock and techno
40
Singing increases ____ levels
Oxytocin
41
How does music help physical health?
It helps the healing process, boosts the immune system, has been shown to improve the well-being of hospitalized children, and music therapy can help people heal
42
How does music help the elderly?
Music-making increases well-being and neuroplasticity in older persons
43
Music helps raise what kind of scores?
It helps children raise scholastic scores
44
How does music affect the brain?
Music leads to increased brain size, and activate the regions associated with pleasure, euphoria, and craving
45
Listening to music stimulates ____ release
Dopamine
46
How does art help with dementia and cancer?
Creating art helps to deal with emotions associated with cancer, and it helps with the adjustment to dementia or chronic disability through enhanced stress reduction
47
How does creating art help the elderly?
It can be a tool for older people to adjust to aging and increase life satisfaction and sense of meaning
48
Artistic expression increases feelings of _____
well-being
49
Emotional responses to certain forms and images are a result of what?
Innate responses from a deep collective unconscious
50
Aesthetic sense evolved from what?
Early attachment between mothers and infants
51
The way you judge what is beautiful is learned from what two things?
It's learned from your culture | and historical period
52
How does art help with tragedy?
It can help us experience tragic moments and feel emotions through a substitute
53
Creativity is defined as what?
Adaptive originality
54
Development of creativity shares most characteristics of _____ but adds certain cognitive styles
excellence
55
What are the two types of creativity?
Little-c creativity and Big-C creativity
56
Define little-c creativity
Little-c creativity enhances life by finding unique solutions; often referred to as everyday creativity
57
What's another term for everyday creativity?
Little-c creativity
58
Define big-C creativity
A type of creativity that often transforms culture and history; associate with genius
59
Creativity in one domain is ______ associated with creativity in a different domain a) strongly b) not c) moderately
Creativity in one domain is only moderately associated with creativity in a different domain
60
What is the problem with measuring creativity?
It's hard to measure quantitatively
61
True or false: Artistic excellence in one area translates into excellence in another
False; Artistic excellence in one area does not translate into excellence in another
62
One consistent trait that creative people do tend to share is what?
Openness to experience
63
What traits are common in creative people?
Openness to experience, highly flexible thinking, tolerant of ambiguity, a higher tolerance for frustration, willingness to restructure problems, intrinsic motivation, independence, receptivity, sensitivity to problems, fluency in thinking, and a willingness to take risks
64
Describe the creative person (3 things)
1) An expert in his or her chosen field or artistic medium 2) Possess and utilize cognitive skills and personality characteristics 3) Intrinsically motivated
65
What are the two types of thinking?
Convergent and divergent thinking
66
Define convergent thinking
Convergent thinking is a process in which various problem-solving strategies converge on a single, correct answer to a problem.
67
Define divergent thinking
The ability to produce many different solutions to the same problem
68
Which is more correlated with creative thinking, convergent or divergent thinking?
Neither is particularly associated with creative thinking
69
Define regression in service of the ego
An ability to temporarily submerge the rational and control functions of the ego and tap into cognitive processes that are more allegorical, symbolic, and holistic
70
Creativity is related to ability to tap into _____ processes
Creativity is related to the ability to tap into unconscious processes
71
Describe expressive arts therapy
Therapists trained in this approach offer people an opportunity to explore their deepest emotions in a safe, supportive environment that values expression, spontaneity, and intuition over control and conformity.
72
Creativity is regarded as evolving from what?
Creativity is regarded as evolving from the tension between the positive and negative tendencies of who we are (according to May)
73
What are the 4 stages of the creative process?
Preparation, incubation, illumination, and insight
74
What is the left brain associated with?
Logical and rational thinking
75
What is the right brain associated with?
Creative, holistic, and artistic | processes
76
True or false: Both hemispheres of the brain are involved in both styles of thinking
True; the difference between the two hemispheres is a matter of emphasis
77
Creativity correlates with what?
supportive environments
78
True or false: there are little or no genetic influences on creativity
True
79
Work environments that encourage what two things foster creativity?
Exploration and diversity of thinking
80
What factors can affect creativity?
Settings, places, and time periods
81
Describe the product approach to creativity
It focuses on the outcomes of creativity, and is objective if products are quantifiable
82
Describe the confluence approach to creativity
It states that creativity is a cognitive function composed of multiple factors. It states that a special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time are needed for creativity to flourish.
83
What factors are involved in the confluence approach to creativity?
A special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time
84
What increases cognitive flexibility?
A positive mood
85
How can you encourage creativity in yourself?
Have a positive mood to increase cognitive flexibility, practice mindfulness, induce alpha/theta hypnagogic states of relaxation, follow passions, take breaks, exercise, and explore other cultures
86
Define primary creativity
The ability to be inspired, to be taken up by the moment, and to perceive the world in new and unique way
87
Define emotional creativity
The ability to use emotions in creative ways to enhance life and expand potential
88
Define genius
Denotes person of extraordinary creativity and inventiveness
89
Describe what Howard Gardner's study on geniuses found
That geniuses are often intensely dedicated and committed, extremely motivated, willing to work long and hard in search for deeper knowledge. However, it also showed geniuses to be loners, arrogant, and ruthless
90
Describe the Faustian bargain that geniuses often make
This refers to the Geniuses “strike a deal” with themselves: They will sacrifice something important to become creative and famous. Often sacrificed is the quality of their personal relationships in romance and marriage, parenthood, and friendship.
91
Genius-caliber creative people exhibit personality traits associated with what?
Poor mental health

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