chapter 7 (the cell)

Question 1

Rabbert Hook

Answer 1

took Cork Plant under microscope, looked like monistary rooms and called it cells because of that

Question 2

Van Lewenhook

Answer 2

saw **live things under the microscope (pond water)

**micro-orginisms

Question 3

shlydon (1838)

Answer 3

stated- all plants are made up of cells

Question 4

schwan

Answer 4

stated- all animals are made up of plants

Question 5

Virshcaw

Answer 5

stated- new cells come from old cells (existing cells)

Question 6

the cell theory (3)

Answer 6

1. all living things are composed by cells
2. calls are basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. new cells come from existing cells

Question 7

calls vary in shape and size

but are the same in ________ _______________

Answer 7

they all have:

memebranes

DNA

Question 8

cenetr of cell

Answer 8

nucleaos

Question 9

cell with nucleouse-

DNA in nucleous

Answer 9

Eukariots

Question 10

cells without nucleouse-

DNA floats around

Answer 10

Prokariots

Question 11

nueclear envelope

Answer 11

surround nucleos

contains nucleos but allows stuff to come in and out
like membrane

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

liquid inside cell

cells wihout nuclease, DNA floats here

Question 13

Eukariots

Answer 13

ex: protuest… everything

Question 14

prokariots:

Answer 14

ex: bacteria

Question 15

found in every cell is _____ and _______

Answer 15

DNA

membrane

Question 16

orgenells

Answer 16

little organs (with jobs)

Question 17

(inside the nucleose)

DNA + protein =

Answer 17

Chromoton

Question 18

Chromotons:

Answer 18

condense cell is reproducing and turn into chromsomes

Question 19

chromoson:

Answer 19

neat version of chromtons

Question 20

nucleolis-

Answer 20

job is to make rybosomes

Question 21

rybosoms-

Answer 21

job is to make proteins.

leaves nuclease (where it is created) goes into cytoplasm and floats around or sticks to ER

Question 22

endoplasmic rituculem (ER)-

Answer 22

2 kinds:

rough ER smooth ER

with Rybosomes w/o Rybosomes

job, make job, makes membranes lipids
proteins and detoxintaes chemicals

Question 23

golgi apperatus

Answer 23

acts like UPS

takes material (from ER)and ships it to where it needs to go

Question 24

lysosomes

Answer 24

acts like garbage men

filled with Enzymes: break down anything they touch
ex:carbohydrates, lipids….

job- break down materials AND get rid of junk (old orginells)

Question 25

vaccual

Answer 25

sack like thing, stores material (ex: water) in plants- "central vaccual" , filled with water makes stem stiff

Question 26

mitochondria

Answer 26

found in plants and animals job- takes energy from food and turns it into usable material for cell has its own DNA 2 membranes surrounding... (smooth, and crinkly) all mitochondria is inherrited from the MOM

Question 27

cloraplasts

Answer 27

only found in PLANTS 2 membrains job- Photosythesis, takes energy from the sun and turns into usable energy has its own DNA inside- have a Pigment (color) called Cloraphil (turns green)

Question 28

mitochondria AND cloraplasts have in common (3)

Answer 28

1. get energy 2. 2 layers 3. have own DNA

Question 29

cytoskeloten

Answer 29

skeliton of cell gives support has proteins - shape and move cell in animals and plants 2 parts- micrphiliment microtubulose

Question 30

microphilement (part of cytoskeliton)

Answer 30

helps cell move thread like-- cris crosses-- make web in shell-- gives shape made of protein

Question 31

microtubuluse (part of cytoskelliton)

Answer 31

made of proteins hollow tubes- gives structure helps with movement - cillia flagela

Question 32

centrials

Answer 32

used when cell is dividing job: split cell evenly only in animal

Question 33

proteins _____ materials inside and outisde the cell | proteins are on ________

Answer 33

transport | membrane; acts like tunnel

Question 34

cell wall

Answer 34

only in plants support and protection for cell

Question 35

cell membrane

Answer 35

in charge of what comes in and out of cell made of phospholipids (inside the membrane and outside) lipids are on the edge of membrane and phosphate is furtherst apart from each other

Question 36

phospholipid bylayer

Answer 36

2 layers of phospholipids (inside and outside)

Question 37

lipid part of phospholipid

Answer 37

hydrophobic- no water can go through

Question 38

phosphate part of phospholipid

Answer 38

hydropholic- allows water through | but water cant go through cause lipid will block it

Question 39

Proteins on membrane:

Answer 39

in between the phospholipids!! acts like tunnels- lets materials through (and water)

Question 40

cells are labeled by 'tags' made up of ________

Answer 40

carbohydrates | ex: proteins on the membrane

Question 41

consentration-

Answer 41

amount of solute (compound being mixed) -----------------------------------------------------------------div-- amount of solution (the thing the compound is being (mixed)

Question 42

the answer between 2 examples, the one which is higher is the most ____________

Answer 42

consetrated

Question 43

diffusion-

Answer 43

movement from higher consentration to lower consentration. (elevater, going to more space) the element is crosses the mebrane until its an even amount

Question 44

equal amount of solute on both sides of membrane _________

Answer 44

equalibriam no energy needed

Question 45

osmosis

Answer 45

diffusion in water no energy needed ---- when the material cant go through so you add water to the more condenced one making it uncondenced.

Question 46

selectivly periable

Answer 46

membranes choose what can come in and out

Question 47

equilibiam

Answer 47

2 concentrations are equal. but constantly moving

Question 48

Dynamic

Answer 48

consentration is constantly changing positions

Question 49

phosilated diffusion

Answer 49

diffusion with a helper. higher concentration to lower consentration

Question 50

what is the phosilate helper?

Answer 50

proteins helps stuff go through (different things)

Question 51

unatrual difusion

Answer 51

energy needed lower concentration to lower concentration

Question 52

active transport- | Proteins called _____

Answer 52

makes substance go opposite direction (low to high concentration) uses proteins called PUMPS need energy

Question 53

active transport ____________ endosytosis- exsoctosis-

Answer 53

taking material in moving material our (EXit)