Chapter 7: The Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 1

206 bones.
80 axial.
126 appendicular.

Question 2

The Skull protects…

Answer 2

Brain.
Entrances to respiratory system.
Etrance to digestive system.

Question 3

3 things about sinuses:

Answer 3

Cavities that decrease the weight of the skull.
Lined with mucous membranes.
Protect the entrances of the respiratory system.

Question 4

4 major sinuses:

Answer 4

Frontal.
Sphenoid.
Ethmoid.
Maxillary.

Question 5

4 major sutures in the skull:

Answer 5

Lambdoid.
Sagittal.
Squamous.
Coronal.

Question 6

Facts about fontanelles:

Answer 6

Grows rapidly.
Is large compared to baby's body.
Has many ossification centers.
Fusion is not complete at birth.
Finally close at two years of age. 
Made of fibrous connective tissue.
Allows skull to flex during birth, and for continued brain growth.

Question 7

4 Curves of the vertebral column:

Answer 7

Cervical.
Thoracic.
Lumbar.
Sacral.

Question 8

Thoracic and sacral curves are:

Answer 8

Primary curves:
Present during fetal development.

Accommodation curves:
They accommodate internal organs.

Question 9

Lumbar and Cervical curves:

Answer 9

Secondary curves:
Appear after birth

Compensation Curves:
Shift body weight for upright posture

Question 10

Structure of Vertebrae:

Answer 10

Vertebral body:
Transfers sleight along spine

Vertebral arch:
Posterior margin of vertebral foramen

Question 11

What are pedicles?

Answer 11

Walls of the vertebral arch

Question 12

What are laminae?

Answer 12

Roof of the vertebral arch.

Question 13

What is the spinous process?

Answer 13

Projection where the laminae fuse.

Question 14

What is the transverse process?

Answer 14

Projection where laminae join pedicles.

Question 15

Where are the articular processes located?

Answer 15

Between the spinous and the transverse processes.

Question 16

How to identify cervical vertebrae?

Answer 16

Has a small body
A large vertebral foramen
Has costal processes, with transfers foramen which protects veins and arteries
Short, notched spinous processes
C1-C7

Question 17

What is the ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 17

An elastic ligament that extends from C7 to the skull.

Question 18

What are the vertebrae prominens?

Answer 18

Starts on C7, transitions to thoracic vertebrae.

Question 19

How to identify thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 19

Smaller vertebral foramen.
Heart-shaped bodies.
Articulate with heads of ribs.
Long slender spinous processes. 
T1-T12

Question 20

How to identify lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 20

Largest vertebrae.
Triangular vertebral foramen.
L1-L5.

Question 21

4 regions of the sacrum:

Answer 21

Base.
Ala.
Sacral promontory.
Apex.

Question 22

What makes up the thoracic cage?

Answer 22

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

Question 23

2 types of ribs:

Answer 23

True ribs: ribs 1-7, connects directly to sternum through costal cartilage.
False ribs: ribs 8-12, does not attach to sternum.
Ribs 8-10 are vertebrochondral ribs and they fuse together.
Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs and connect only to vertebrae.

Question 24

4 parts of a rib:

Answer 24

Head: attached to vertebrae
Neck: between head and tubercle.
Tubercle: small dorsal elevation, at T1-T10 only
Tubercular body: shaft.

Question 25

3 parts of the sternum:

Answer 25

Mubrium.
Sternum body.
Xiphoid process.

Question 26

What is the pelvis made up of?

Answer 26

3 coxal bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
\+Sacrum
\+Coccyx