chapter 7: the skeleton

Question 1

the skull consists of … cranial bones and … facial bones

Answer 1

8,14

Question 2

name the functions of the cranial bones (5)

Answer 2

• form framework of face
• contain cavities for the special senses
• provide openings for food and air
• secure the teeth
• anchor facial muscles, to show expression

Question 3

bones are firmly united by interlocking joints called…

Answer 3

sutures

Question 4

name the major skull sutures (4)

Answer 4

• coronal
• sagittal
• squamous
• lambdoid

Question 5

what is the cranial vault

Answer 5

• aka calvaria
• forms superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of skull, as well as forehead

Question 6

what is cranial base

Answer 6

• forms skulls inferior aspect
• divided into 3 distinct fossae

Question 7

what are the 3 fossae of the cranial base

Answer 7

• anterior
• middle
• posterior
  cranial fossa

Question 8

name the 8 cranial bones
(FEPOTS)

Answer 8

• parietal (2)
• temporal (2)
• frontal
• occipital
• ethmoid
• sphenoid

Question 9

which bone is shell shaped and forms the anterior cranium, it connects posteriorly with the parietal bones via coronal suture?

Answer 9

frontal bone

Question 10

forehead is aka

Answer 10

squamous part

Question 11

where does the frontal squamous region end?

Answer 11

supraorbital margins

Question 12

which fossa supports the frontal lobes of the brain?

Answer 12

anterior cranial fossa

Question 13

which bone marking allows the supraorbital artery and nerve to pass the forehead?

Answer 13

supraorbital foramen (notch)

Question 14

describe the glabella

Answer 14

smooth area of the frontal bone between the orbits

Question 15

describe the parietal bones

Answer 15

curved and rectangular bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull

Question 16

describe the occipital bone

Answer 16

forms most of the skulls posterior wall and base

Question 17

the occipital bone forms the walls of the … which supports the cerebellum of the brain

Answer 17

posterior cranial fossa

Question 18

which structure connects the inferior part of the brain to the spinal cord

Answer 18

foramen magnum

Question 19

describe occipital condyles

Answer 19

curved, rockerlike, connected with the first vertebra of the spinal column that allows nodding motion

Question 20

hypoglossial canal

Answer 20

hidden medially, superior to each occipital condyle

Question 21

inferior to the parietal bones, meet at the squamous sutures

Answer 21

temporal bones (2)

Question 22

3 major parts of the temporal bones

Answer 22

squamous, tympanic, pertous

Question 23

describe zygomatic process

Answer 23

meets at zygomatic bones anteriorly, barlike

Question 24

decribe zygomatic arch

Answer 24

formed by squamous arch and zygomatic process

Question 25

describe mandibular fossa

Answer 25

on the inferior surface of zygomatic process receives the condylar process of the mandible

Question 26

describe tympanic part

Answer 26

surrounds external acoustic meatus

Question 27

describe petrous part of temporal bones

Answer 27

houses middle and internal ear cavities , contain sensory receptors for hearing and balance; looks like mini mountain ridge

Question 28

describe the middle cranial fossa

Answer 28

made of sphenoid bones and petrous parts, supports temporal lobes of the brain

Question 29

describe jugular foramen

Answer 29

large and at the junction of the occipital and petrous temporal bones, allows passage of internal jugular vein and 3 cranial nerves

Question 30

describe carotid canal

Answer 30

anterior to jugular foramen, transmits the internal carotid arteries to the cranial cavity

Question 31

describe the foramen lacerum

Answer 31

jagged opening between petrous part and sphenoid bone

Question 32

describe internal acoustic meatus

Answer 32

superolateral to juglar foramen, transmits cranial nerves 7 and 8

Question 33

describe mastoid process

Answer 33

anchoring site for some neck muscles lump just posterior to the ear

Question 34

describe styloid process

Answer 34

needle-like, attachment point for several tongue and neck muscles and a ligament to attach the hyoid to the skull

Question 35

describe stylomastoid foramen

Answer 35

allowed cranial nerve 7 to leave the skull between styloid and mastoid process

Question 36

describe sphenoid bone

Answer 36

has a central body and 3 other pairs of processes

Question 37

what are the 3 processes of the sphenoid

Answer 37

greater and lesser wings, pterygoid process

Question 38

what is the saddle shaped prominence of the sphenoid bone

Answer 38

sella turcica

Question 39

describe the hypophyseal fossa

Answer 39

in the middle of the sella turcica, snug enclosure for the pituitary gland

Question 40

describe the greater wings of the sphenoid

Answer 40

project laterality, forming the middle cranial fossa, posterior walls of orbit, external walls of the skull

Question 41

describe the lesser wings of the sphenoid

Answer 41

forms floor of anterior cranial fossa and part of the medial walls of orbits

Question 42

describe the pterygoid processes

Answer 42

project inferiorly, form junction of the body and greater wings

Question 43

describe the optic canals

Answer 43

anterior or sella turcina, allow optic nerves to pass to eyes.

Question 44

describe superior orbital fissure

Answer 44

long slit between greater n lesser wings, allows cranial nerves to control eye movements