Chapter 7 Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology

Question 1

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 1

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste.

Question 2

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 2

The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.

Question 3

Cardiac output

Answer 3

The amount of blood ejected from the hear in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume).

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 5

Dead air space

Answer 5

Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli.

Question 6

Dehydration

Answer 6

An abnormally low amount of water in the body.

Question 7

Diaphoresis

Answer 7

Cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating.

Question 8

Edema

Answer 8

Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space.

Question 9

Electrolyte

Answer 9

A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charge particles.

Question 10

FiO2

Answer 10

Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.

Question 11

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel.

Question 12

Hypersensitivity

Answer 12

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.

Question 13

Hypo perfusion

Answer 13

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

The cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

Question 15

Minute volume

Answer 15

The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the numbers of breaths per minute.

Question 16

Patent

Answer 16

Open and clear; free from obstruction.

Question 17

Pathophysiology

Answer 17

The study how disease processes affect the function of the body.

Question 18

Perfusion

Answer 18

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cell and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Question 19

Plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 19

The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tend to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.

Question 20

Stretcher receptors

Answer 20

Sensors in the blood vessels that identify internal pressure.

Question 21

Stroke volume

Answer 21

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.

Question 22

Systemic vascular resistance

Answer 22

The pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system.

Question 23

Tidal volume

Answer 23

The volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

Question 24

V/Q Match

Answer 24

Ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.