chapter 7 vocab

Question 1

imperialism

Answer 1

a broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.

Question 2

colonialism

Answer 2

a type of imperialism in which people move in and settle on the land of another country.

Question 3

animism

Answer 3

the belief that non-living objects, such as rivers or mountains, possess spirits.

Question 4

native speakers

Answer 4

from whose language learned from birth

Question 5

lingua franca

Answer 5

a common language used by people who speak one of the 500 indigenous languages at home

Question 6

pidgin language

Answer 6

a simplified mixture of two languages

Question 7

creole language

Answer 7

when two or more separate languages can mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language

Question 8

social constructs

Answer 8

ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social ground and are not created by nature

Question 9

time-space convergence

Answer 9

the greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation

Question 10

cultural convergence

Answer 10

cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs

Question 11

cultural divergence

Answer 11

the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes

Question 12

linguists

Answer 12

scientists who study languages

Question 13

language tree

Answer 13

the relationship among language families that are often shown on a family tree

Question 14

indo-european language family

Answer 14

a large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago

Question 15

romance languages

Answer 15

the unifying language of latin diverged into distinct regional languages

Question 16

isoglosses

Answer 16

boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage

Question 17

dialects

Answer 17

regional variations of a language

Question 18

adages

Answer 18

sayings that attempt to express a truth about life (eg. “the early bird gets the worm”)

Question 19

topoyms

Answer 19

names of places

Question 20

official language

Answer 20

a language designated by law to be the language of government

Question 21

homogeneous

Answer 21

made up largely of ethnically similar people

Question 22

adherents

Answer 22

believers in their faith

Question 23

universal religion

Answer 23

actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

Question 24

hinduism

Answer 24

an ethnic religion that involves the worship of many deities

Question 25

polytheistic

Answer 25

having many gods

Question 26

monotheistic

Answer 26

having one god

Question 27

karma

Answer 27

the idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or a future life

Question 28

caste system

Answer 28

a rigid social class system in hinduism

Question 29

buddism

Answer 29

a religion based on the teachings of siddhartha gutama

Question 30

sikhism

Answer 30

a monotheistic religion founded in punjab during 16th century by guru nanak

Question 31

gurdwara

Answer 31

sikh place of worship

Question 32

judaism

Answer 32

the monotheistic religion of the jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the torah and in the talmud