Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

substance use disorders

Answer 1

patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance

Question 2

substance-induced disorders

Answer 2

disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal syndromes, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia

Question 3

psychoactive

Answer 3

describing chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects

Question 4

intoxication

Answer 4

substance-induced disorder characterized by clinically significant problematic behavioural or psychological changes caused by the recent ingestion of a substance

Question 5

withdrawal syndrome

Answer 5

characteristic cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction or abrupt cessation of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed

Question 6

tachycardia

Answer 6

abnormally rapid heartbeat

Question 7

delirium tremens

Answer 7

withdrawal syndrome that often occurs following a sudden decrease or cessation of drinking in chronic alcoholics that is characterized by extreme restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations

Question 8

delirium

Answer 8

state of mental confusion, disorientation, and extreme difficulty in focusing attention

Question 9

disorientation

Answer 9

state of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to time, place, or the identity of oneself or others

Question 10

addiction

Answer 10

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence

Question 11

physiological dependence

Answer 11

state of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a study supply

Question 12

psychological dependence

Answer 12

reliance, as on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent

Question 13

depressant

Answer 13

drug that lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system

Question 14

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 14

form of brain damage associated with chronic thiamine deficiency. the syndrome is associated with chronic alcoholism and characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and the tendency to invent memories to replace lost ones (confabulation).

Question 15

barbiturates

Answer 15

types of depressant drugs that are sometimes used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep but that are highly addictive

Question 16

sedatives

Answer 16

types of depressant drugs that reduce states of tension and restlessness and induce sleep

Question 17

opiates

Answer 17

types of depressant drugs with strong addictive properties that are derived from the opium poppy; provide feelings of euphoria and relief from pain

Question 18

narcotics

Answer 18

drugs, such as opiates, that are used for pain relief and treatment of insomnia, but which have strong addictive properties

Question 19

analgesia

Answer 19

state of relief from pain without loss of consciousness

Question 20

endorphins

Answer 20

natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine

Question 21

amphetamines

Answer 21

types of synthetic stimulants, such as dexedrine and benzedrine. abuse can trigger an amphetamine psychosis that mimics acute episodes of schizophrenia

Question 22

cocaine

Answer 22

stimulant derived from coca leaves

Question 23

crack

Answer 23

hardened, smokeable form of cocaine

Question 24

freebasing

Answer 24

method of ingesting cocaine by means of heating the drug with ether to separate its most potent components and then smoking the extract

Question 25

hallucinogens

Answer 25

substances that give rise to sensory distortions or hallucinations

Question 26

psychedelics

Answer 26

class of drugs that induce sensory distortions or hallucinations

Question 27

LSD

Answer 27

powerful hallucinogenic drug

Question 28

flashbacks

Answer 28

experiences of sensory distortions or hallucinations occurring days or weeks after use of LSD or another hallucinogenic drug that mimics the drug's effects

Question 29

marijuana

Answer 29

a mild or minor hallucinogen derived from the cannabis sativa plant

Question 30

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Answer 30

major active ingredient in marijuana (THC)

Question 31

hashish

Answer 31

drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant

Question 32

inhalants

Answer 32

substances that produce chemical vapours that are inhaled for their psychoactive effect

Question 33

detoxification

Answer 33

process of ridding the system of alcohol or drugs under supervised conditions in which withdrawal symptoms can be monitored and controlled

Question 34

methadone

Answer 34

artificial narcotic that lacks the rush associated with heroin and is used to help people addicted to heroin abstain without incurring an abstinence syndrome

Question 35

naloxone

Answer 35

drug that prevents users from becoming high if they subsequently take heroin. some people are placed on naloxone after being withdrawn from heroin to prevent return to heroin

Question 36

naltrexone

Answer 36

chemical cousin of naloxone that blocks the high from alcohol as well as opiates and is now approved for use in treating alcoholism

Question 37

Al-Anon

Answer 37

organization sponsoring support groups for family members of people with alcoholism

Question 38

cue-exposure training

Answer 38

treatment used for people with substance-related disorders; it involves exposure to cues associated with ingestion of drugs or alcohol in a controlled situation in which the person is prevented from using the drug

Question 39

relapse

Answer 39

recurrence of a problem behaviour or disorder

Question 40

relapse-prevention training

Answer 40

cognitive-behavioural technique used in the treatment of addictive behaviours that involves the use of behavioural and cognitive strategies to resist temptation and prevent lapses from becoming relapses

Question 41

abstinence-violation effect

Answer 41

tendency in a person trying to maintain abstinence from a substance, such as alcohol or cigarettes, to overreact to a lapse with feelings of guilt and a sense of resignation that may then trigger a full-blown relapse

Question 42

controlled social drinking

Answer 42

controversial approach to treating problem drinkers in which the goal of treatment is the maintenance of controlled social drinking in moderate amounts, rather than total abstinence