Chapter 8

Question 1

How many pairs of chromosomes do mice have?

Answer 1

40

Question 2

long strands of DNA that are made up of molecules

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

different versions of genes are called

Answer 3

alleles

Question 4

genetic testing is called

Answer 4

genotyping

Question 5

when both genes of a pair are the same

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

when the genes at the same locus on a chromosome pair are different

Answer 6

heterozygous

Question 7

if the animal does not contain the allele that the investigator is interested in

Answer 7

wild type

Question 8

when a gene is absent or turned off due to a mutation that blocks the gene’s expression

Answer 8

null

Question 9

both copies of the gene are absent or turned off

Answer 9

homozygous null/knockout

Question 10

What are all the genes in an organism collectively called?

Answer 10

genome

Question 11

what is a different version of the same gene called?

Answer 11

allele

Question 12

when new genes are inserted into a mouse

Answer 12

knockin

Question 13

a technique performed on a fertilized egg in a single cell stage

Answer 13

pronuclear injection

Question 14

embryonic stem cells that line the inside of a developing blastocyst are collected and used to produce embryonic stem cell lines.

Answer 14

gene targeting by homologous recombination

Question 15

a small electrical current is passed through a solution containing the genes and stem cells, which then causes the DNA to enter the cells.

Answer 15

electroporation

Question 16

once the DNA is in an ES cell, the cell may recognize portions of the nucleotide sequences that make up the mutated gene, as the same in their own genes. the cell then integrates the mutated gene and the specific location corresponding to its own copy of that gene.

Answer 16

homologous recombination

Question 17

what happens after the cell is electroporated?

Answer 17

tested, the inserted into another developing blastocyst.

Question 18

an animal with some of its cells containing the new gene and some without the new gene

Answer 18

chimera

Question 19

What is the most desirable chimera is one with the new gene has been incorporated in the germ cells (egg and sperm). a pure strain of animals carrying the desired DNA can be produced by breeding progeny with germ cell incorporation.

Answer 19

germline transmission

Question 20

True or false, genes are injected with a pipette directly into the cell during pronuclear injection

Answer 20

true

Question 21

The most common molecular biology technique used to determine the genotype is a test called

Answer 21

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 22

how do you know the gene has been amplified after going through PCR?

Answer 22

gel electrophoresis

Question 23

what type of phenotype are things humans can see?

Answer 23

visible

Question 24

what kind of phenotype are observed by humans such as aggressiveness?

Answer 24

behavioral

Question 25

what kind of phenotype impairs the mouses motor system?

Answer 25

demonstrable

Question 26

what are phenotypes that can be turned on with the use of drugs?

Answer 26

inducible

Question 27

what type of genes are located adjacent to one another on the same chromosomes, and tend to be inherited together?

Answer 27

linked genes

Question 28

What are some common inbred strains of mice?

Answer 28

AKR, DBA, C57BL

Question 29

What is a common outbred strain?

Answer 29

Swiss webster

Question 30

Where in the name of strains of mice are the laboratory/code vendor located in inbred and hybrid mice?

Answer 30

at the end after a forward slash

Question 31

in outbred mice, where is the vendor name located?

Answer 31

in front of the stock symbol before a colon.

Question 32

Where is the parent strain name found in strain names of inbred and hybrid mice?

Answer 32

in front of the forward slash

Question 33

Where does the paternal strain fall in strain names of hybrids?

Answer 33

second after the maternal name, before the generation number, all before the forward slash

Question 34

one female to one male mating system

Answer 34

monogamous mating

Question 35

two or more females bred with one male

Answer 35

polygamous and harem mating

Question 36

when females are removed from the cage once determined to be pregnant

Answer 36

polygamous mating

Question 37

when a group of mice are kept together for mating

Answer 37

harem mating

Question 38

when males are kept with females always

Answer 38

intensive breeding

Question 39

when males and females are housed separately while the females are rearing their young

Answer 39

nonintensive breeding

Question 40

mating used to provide embryos or newborn mice at a precise date needed for experiments.

Answer 40

timed mating system

Question 41

What is it called when you add a male to a group housed female cage?

Answer 41

the Whitten effect, when the females initiate estrus because of exposure to the male.

Question 42

the plan for producing a colony with a desired genetic makeup

Answer 42

breeding scheme

Question 43

breeding animals that are unrelated or only distantly related

Answer 43

outbreeding

Question 44

mating system that produces animals with minimal genetic variation

Answer 44

inbreeding

Question 45

how long do you need to breed mice in order for it to be considered inbred?

Answer 45

20 generations

Question 46

the animals initially bred with a desired DNA, often referred to as founders

Answer 46

foundation colony

Question 47

breeding the foundation colony to ensure that the desired genetic trait will not be lost if anything happens to the founders

Answer 47

expansion colony

Question 48

breeding of the expansion colony produces the

Answer 48

production colony

Question 49

breeding system that is a selective system in which the parents are of different inbred strains, and is frequently used to transfer a desired mutation from one strain to another.

Answer 49

hybrid breeding

Question 50

the animal with a mutation that differs from other animals of that strain, usually by a single mutant gene

Answer 50

coisogenic

Question 51

strains that can be constructed by selectively mating an animal carrying the mutation of interest to an inbred animal from a strain of choice

Answer 51

congenic

Question 52

What are the four stages of estrous?

Answer 52

proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus

Question 53

when are females most receptive to pregnancy

Answer 53

estrus

Question 54

birth of the young at the natural end of gestation

Answer 54

partruition

Question 55

how long is estrus for cats

Answer 55

1 to 4 days

Question 56

how long is gestation in cats

Answer 56

58-67 days

Question 57

how old should kittens be weaned at

Answer 57

7 to 8 weeks

Question 58

rabbits only ovulate 10-12 hours after mating

Answer 58

true

Question 59

how long does gestation last in rabbits

Answer 59

31-32 days

Question 60

at what age are rabbits weaned at

Answer 60

5-8 weeks

Question 61

how long does estrus last for dogs

Answer 61

7-10 days

Question 62

how long is gestation for dogs

Answer 62

59-68 days

Question 63

how old are puppies weaned

Answer 63

6-8 weeks

Question 64

how long are old world monkeys sexually receptive?

Answer 64

8-12 days

Question 65

what is the gestation for macaque

Answer 65

159-169 days

Question 66

how old can you wean old world monkeys

Answer 66

7-14 months

Question 67

how old can a female pig be bred

Answer 67

6-7 months

Question 68

how long is gestation in pigs

Answer 68

112-115 days

Question 69

what is the substrain of C57BL/6J

Answer 69

6

Question 70

in which procedure is an amplified DNA sample loaded into an agarose gel?

Answer 70

gel electrophoresis