Chapter 8

Question 1

Cognitive Revolution

Answer 1

Mental. Processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Question 2

Properties of language

Answer 2

Symbolic, somatic, generative, structured

Question 3

Phonemes

Answer 3

Smallest speech unit

Question 4

Morphemes

Answer 4

Smallest unit of meaning

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

Meaning of words and word combinations detonation vs. Connotation

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

A system of rules for arranging words into sentences

Question 7

6 months

Answer 7

To Begins Babbling resemble surrounding language

Question 8

1 year

Answer 8

First word

Question 9

18-24 months

Answer 9

Vocabulary spurt, fast mapping, over and underextensions

Question 10

6 years of age

Answer 10

Metalinguistic awareness7 ability to reflect on use of language

Question 11

Pet Sean

Answer 11

Area that resembles brocals area

Question 12

Steven pinker

Answer 12

Argues language is a human specific trait

Question 13

Behaviorist

Answer 13

Learning of specific verbal responses→skinner

Question 14

Nativist

Answer 14

Language acquisition device→ Chomsky

Question 15

Whorf’s hypothesis

Answer 15

Linguistic relativity→ one’s language determines the nature of one’s thought

Question 16

Problem solving

Answer 16

Active efforts to discover what must he done to achieve a goal that B not readily attainable greens (1978)

Question 17

Problems of inducing structure

Answer 17

Need to learn relationship amongst items

Question 18

Problems of arrangement

Answer 18

Need to re-arrang items to solver theproblem

Question 19

Problems of transformation

Answer 19

Sequence of steps to reach an end goal

Question 20

Barriers to elective problem solving

Answer 20

In-relevant informations function al fixedness, mental sets unnecessary constraints

Question 21

Simon

Answer 21

1957→ human decision makingis not rational huge variety of choices available to us

Question 22

Expected value

Answer 22

Actual expected gain

Question 23

Subjective probability

Answer 23

Your estimate

Question 24

Subjective vitality

Answer 24

What a win would mean to you

Question 25

Availability heuristic

Answer 25

Estimate probability ot an event base d on t o he ease with which relevant instances come mind

Question 26

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 26

The tendency to ignore base rates

Question 27

Conjunction fallacy

Answer 27

Judge two events occurring together to be more likely than a single event

Question 28

Cosmides and too-by

Answer 28

1996 → real world adaptive problems

Question 29

Gigerenzer

Answer 29

2000→ quick and dirty heuristics

Question 30

Framing

Answer 30

The way an issue is posed ex→marketing ground beet