Chapter 8 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Second Continental COngress
convention in Philedelphia with reps. from all 13 colonies
1775
Continue drafting appeals to the King and Britishmen as well as raising money to pay for an army and navy (p)
George Washington
wealthy virginian and the general of the Continental army
1775
chosen by 2nd Continental COngress and powerful leader (p)
Bunker Hill
Hill that was captured by the colonists shortly lost due to lack of gunpowder
1775
situation escalating and colonists didn’t have sufficient supplies(P)
Olive Branch Petition
Document written by the 2nd Continental Congress that professed their loyalty to the King
1775
The colonists didn’t want war but the King rejected peace and declared the colonies in rebellion(P)
Hessians
German soldiers sent to the colonies by KIng George III
1775
Sent to crush rebels which outraged colonists. The King was bringing foreigners into their affairs(P,S)
Conquest of Canada
failed attempt to invade Canada and create a 14th colony
1775
Showed hostility and strides towards independence(P)
Thomas Paine/ Common Sense
Pamphlet written by radical British immigrant about independence from England and a republic
1776
Helped persuade many reluctant colonists to join to fight for a revolution/independence(P)
“republicanism”
From Common Sense, create a republic: rule by the people
1776
All gov. officials’ should be chosen by popular consent. NO monarchy (P)
Thomas Jefferson/ Declaration of Independence
author of the D o E
July 4, 1776
reasons for why the colonies are breaking away from England (P)
Battle of Long Island
British General Howe vs George Washington. COlonists had to retreat all the way to the Delaware river
1776
The Continental was inexperienced and unprepared in the beginning of the war (P)
The Loyalists
people that remained loyal to Britain in the colonies. Included slaves, natives, wealthy, etc.
1776
The colonies itself was divided and not everyone agreed with breaking away from Britain (S,P)
Trenton
Washington and army defeated 1000 Hessians by surprise the day after Christmas
December 26, 1776
Washington proved to be a good leader as he sailed his troops back over the Delaware to victory
Saratoga
British General Burgoyne defeated by General Horatio Gates
1777
Boosted American morale and proved to France that they should give foreign aid (P)
Model Treaty
guide created by the 2nd Continental Congress for the American envoys to follow when creating a treaty with France
1776
Called for only mutual commercial interest, no political/military alliance with France (E,P)
Benjamin Franklin
the American representative sent to create a treaty with France to negotiate support for war
1776
Franklin was well loved by the French court. He strayed from the model Treaty and created an open alliance with France(P,E)
Armed Neutrality
Creation of Catherine the Great of Russia that banded together European countries to show a stance of hostility towards Britain
1780
During the Revolutionary war, Britain was not popular among the European countries (P)
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
Treaty between the colonies and the Iroquois Indians that resulted in the natives surrendering their land
1784
1st Treaty between the U.S and an Indian nation (P,S)
privateers
privately owned armed ships that were authorized to strike down British shipping
1775-1783
The loot from ships helped financially and raise American morale (P,E)
Yorktown
grand British defeat/surrender to French and American Army
1781
asking point for British defeat in the Revolution. Colonists had essentially won!! (P)
John Jay
American envoys sent to Paris to negotiate peace treaty with Britain (France)
1782
Known for being suspicious of the French but ended up getting us a treaty that benefited the colonists (p)
Treaty of Paris
Treaty that declared the colonists as independent and free
1783
Gave the Americans generous boundaries (P)
