Chapter 8

Question 1

Second Continental COngress

Answer 1

convention in Philedelphia with reps. from all 13 colonies
1775
Continue drafting appeals to the King and Britishmen as well as raising money to pay for an army and navy (p)

Question 2

George Washington

Answer 2

wealthy virginian and the general of the Continental army
1775
chosen by 2nd Continental COngress and powerful leader (p)

Question 3

Bunker Hill

Answer 3

Hill that was captured by the colonists shortly lost due to lack of gunpowder
1775
situation escalating and colonists didn’t have sufficient supplies(P)

Question 4

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 4

Document written by the 2nd Continental Congress that professed their loyalty to the King
1775
The colonists didn’t want war but the King rejected peace and declared the colonies in rebellion(P)

Question 5

Hessians

Answer 5

German soldiers sent to the colonies by KIng George III
1775
Sent to crush rebels which outraged colonists. The King was bringing foreigners into their affairs(P,S)

Question 6

Conquest of Canada

Answer 6

failed attempt to invade Canada and create a 14th colony
1775
Showed hostility and strides towards independence(P)

Question 7

Thomas Paine/ Common Sense

Answer 7

Pamphlet written by radical British immigrant about independence from England and a republic
1776
Helped persuade many reluctant colonists to join to fight for a revolution/independence(P)

Question 8

“republicanism”

Answer 8

From Common Sense, create a republic: rule by the people
1776
All gov. officials’ should be chosen by popular consent. NO monarchy (P)

Question 9

Thomas Jefferson/ Declaration of Independence

Answer 9

author of the D o E
July 4, 1776
reasons for why the colonies are breaking away from England (P)

Question 10

Battle of Long Island

Answer 10

British General Howe vs George Washington. COlonists had to retreat all the way to the Delaware river
1776
The Continental was inexperienced and unprepared in the beginning of the war (P)

Question 11

The Loyalists

Answer 11

people that remained loyal to Britain in the colonies. Included slaves, natives, wealthy, etc.
1776
The colonies itself was divided and not everyone agreed with breaking away from Britain (S,P)

Question 12

Trenton

Answer 12

Washington and army defeated 1000 Hessians by surprise the day after Christmas
December 26, 1776
Washington proved to be a good leader as he sailed his troops back over the Delaware to victory

Question 13

Saratoga

Answer 13

British General Burgoyne defeated by General Horatio Gates
1777
Boosted American morale and proved to France that they should give foreign aid (P)

Question 14

Model Treaty

Answer 14

guide created by the 2nd Continental Congress for the American envoys to follow when creating a treaty with France
1776
Called for only mutual commercial interest, no political/military alliance with France (E,P)

Question 15

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 15

the American representative sent to create a treaty with France to negotiate support for war
1776
Franklin was well loved by the French court. He strayed from the model Treaty and created an open alliance with France(P,E)

Question 16

Armed Neutrality

Answer 16

Creation of Catherine the Great of Russia that banded together European countries to show a stance of hostility towards Britain
1780
During the Revolutionary war, Britain was not popular among the European countries (P)

Question 17

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

Answer 17

Treaty between the colonies and the Iroquois Indians that resulted in the natives surrendering their land
1784
1st Treaty between the U.S and an Indian nation (P,S)

Question 18

privateers

Answer 18

privately owned armed ships that were authorized to strike down British shipping
1775-1783
The loot from ships helped financially and raise American morale (P,E)

Question 19

Yorktown

Answer 19

grand British defeat/surrender to French and American Army
1781
asking point for British defeat in the Revolution. Colonists had essentially won!! (P)

Question 20

John Jay

Answer 20

American envoys sent to Paris to negotiate peace treaty with Britain (France)
1782
Known for being suspicious of the French but ended up getting us a treaty that benefited the colonists (p)

Question 21

Treaty of Paris

Answer 21

Treaty that declared the colonists as independent and free
1783
Gave the Americans generous boundaries (P)