Chapter 8

Question 1

State

Answer 1

An area organized into a political and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.

Question 2

How many states are in the world?

Answer 2

195 (Around 200)

Question 3

Microstate

Answer 3

State with extremely small and areas.

Question 4

Sovereignty

Answer 4

Independence of a state from control of its internal affairs by other states. (Formal or uniform region)

Question 5

Describe the conflict in Korea regarding sovereignty.

Answer 5

Korea was divided into North and South after the USSR defeated Japan in WW2. The North was communist and the South was a pro-US government. In 1950, the north invaded the south. Both states want to integrate but neither want to give up their government for the other.

Question 6

Describe the conflict in China and Taiwan regarding sovereignty.

Answer 6

Nationalists and Communists fought in 1940s. Communists won and nationalists fled to Taiwan. China and Taiwan view themselves as one nation, but other states view them as two separate ones.

Question 7

Describe the conflict in Senkaku and Diaoyu regarding sovereignty.

Answer 7

China, Taiwan, and Japan all claim sovereignty over these islands. These islands contain conflicting airspace boundaries.

Question 8

Describe the conflict in Sahrawi and West Sahara regarding sovereignty.

Answer 8

Western Sahara is considered sovereign by most states, but Morocco claims the territory.

Question 9

Nation-state

Answer 9

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity.

Question 10

City-state

Answer 10

A sovereign state that comprises of a town and surrounding farmland.

Question 11

Describe the development of the state:

Answer 11

Villages, towns, and city-states evolved to kingdoms, empires, and eventually estates. These estates eventually developed into our modern countries.

Question 12

Self-determination

Answer 12

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

Question 13

Multiethnic state

Answer 13

State containing more than one ethnicity

Question 14

Multinational state

Answer 14

State that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination and self-government

Question 15

How do the Nazi’s actions in WWII reflect self-determination?

Answer 15

The Nazi’s original intentions were to originally unite all Germans into one single state.

Question 16

Give an example of a successful nation-state post WWII.

Answer 16

Ex. South Korea, Italy, Japan

Question 17

Give an example of an unsuccessful nation-state post WWII.

Answer 17

Ex. Yugoslavia, USSR.

Question 18

Explain the USSR.

Answer 18

USSR stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It existed between 1922 and 1991, and included 15 republics based on the largest ethnicities. The largest republic was the Russian SFSR.

Question 19

List the 4 regions of the USSR and the republics in each region.

Answer 19

1. Baltic states- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
2. Central Asian States- Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan
3. Caucasus- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
4. Russia

Question 20

Describe cultural and ethnic distribution in the Baltic states.

Answer 20

Estonia-Mostly protestant Catholic, speak a Uralic
Latvia- Mostly protestant Catholic, speak a Baltic language
Lithuania- Roman Catholic, Baltic language

Question 21

Describe cultural and ethnic distribution in the Central Asian States

Answer 21

Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan are all mostly Muslim and speak an Altaic language.
Tajikistan is Muslim and speaks an Indic language

Question 22

Describe cultural and ethnic distribution in the Caucasus region

Answer 22

Very diverse, some examples of ethnicities include Azerbaijani, Kurdish, and Karachay-Balkar

Question 23

Colony

Answer 23

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent.

Question 24

How many colonies are there in the world?

Answer 24

17

Question 25

The most populous colony is ___________.

Answer 25

Western-Sahara (500k pop)

Question 26

Colonialism

Answer 26

An effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principals on the territory.

Question 27

When did the colonial era begin?

Answer 27

The 1400s

Question 28

Why did Europeans pursue colonialism?

Answer 28

To promote Christianity, extract resources, and establish power.

Question 29

Devolution

Answer 29

The transfer of power from a central government to a lower level of government.

Question 30

Irredentism

Answer 30

Annexation of regions because of a shared culture or language

Question 31

Relic boundary

Answer 31

Boundary that no longer functions but can be detected on a cultural landscape. Ex. the Berlin Wall

Question 32

Antecedent boundary

Answer 32

Boundary that existed before the present settlement. Ex. The Andes Mountains separate Chile and Bolivia.

Question 33

Superimposed boundary

Answer 33

A boundary drawn on an area by conquering power that ignores existing cultural patterns. Ex Africa being divided in 1885.

Question 34

Subsequent boundary

Answer 34

A boundary established after the settlement of an area. Ex. Yugoslavia

Question 35

Consequent boundary

Answer 35

Drawn to separate groups based on ethnic, linguistic, religious, or economic differences. Ex. border between India and Pakistan.

Question 36

Geometric boundary

Answer 36

A boundary drawn with straight lines. Ex. Antarctica.

Question 37

Compact state

Answer 37

Distance of the boundary from the center of the state does not vary significantly.

Question 38

Elongated state

Answer 38

Has a long or narrow shape

Question 39

Prorupted state

Answer 39

Otherwise compact but with a large projecting extension

Question 40

Perforated state

Answer 40

A state that completely surrounds another one

Question 41

Fragmented state

Answer 41

Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

Question 42

Three types of national governments

Answer 42

democracies, autocracies, and anocracies

Question 43

Democracy

Answer 43

A state in which citizens can run for office and vote to elect leaders.

Question 44

Autocracy

Answer 44

A state that is run according to the interests of a ruler rather than the people

Question 45

Anocracy

Answer 45

A state that is not fully democratic or autocratic but shows characteristics of both

Question 46

Local governments within a state are organized according to one of two approaches: a _______ state and a ________ state

Answer 46

Unitary; federal

Question 47

Unitary state

Answer 47

Places most of the power in the hands of central government officials.

Question 48

Federal state

Answer 48

Allocates strong power to units of local government within the state.

Question 49

.Why must legislative boundaries be redrawn periodically?

Answer 49

Legislative district boundaries within a state must be redrawn periodically because it is necessary to ensure that each district has the same population.

Question 50

Gerrymandering

Answer 50

Redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power.

Question 51

Terrorism

Answer 51

The systematic use of violence by a group calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population, or to make a government do something it wouldn't normally do.

Question 52

What are the two types of terrorism?

Answer 52

Domestic and Foreign

Question 53

Characteristics of terrorists:

Answer 53

1. Trying to achieve objectives through organized acts that spread fear and anxiety 2. Viewing violence as a way of bringing attention to issues 3. Believing in a cause so strongly that they do not hesitate to attack.

Question 54

Jihad

Answer 54

Holy war

Question 55

What does Boko Haram stand for?

Answer 55

Western education is forbidden

Question 56

The three ways states support terrorism:

Answer 56

Sanctuary, supplying, state terrorist acts