chapter 8 Flashcards
the cerebrum is composed of the:
1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal lobe
3) temporal lobe
4) occipital lobe
5) insular lobe (Insula)
What are the structures of the frontal lobe?
1) pre-central gyrus
2) Pre-motor area
3) supplementary motor area
4) frontal eye fields
5) Pre-frontal cortex (PFC)
6) Broca’s area
What is the function of the Pre-central gyrus?
1) Primary MOTOR cortex
2) Contains the cell body of UPPER motor neurons
3) Initiates the motor activity of the body and head
If there is damage to the Pre-central gyrus what does it result in?
1) contralateral paralysis
2) stroke
What is the function of the Pre-motor area?
1) PLANS and INTEGRATES the voluntary movement of the body
2) Responsible for the spatial guidance of movement
Damage to the Pre-motor area result in?
1) inability to organize and sequence activities
2) Having to RELEARN simple tasks such as texting on a phone
What are the functions of the supplementary motor area?
1) Directs postural stabilization of the body
2) coordinates BILATERAL activity of the body
3) Controls sequences of movement
Damage to the supplementary motor area results in?
1) Difficulty with postural stabilization
2) Difficulty coordinating bilateral movements and their sequences
-Ex) uncoordinated movement of the fingers of both hands while typing
What are the functions of the frontal eye fields?
Controls voluntary HORIZONTAL movement of the eyes from left to right, or right to left
Damage to the Frontal eye field results in?
Difficulty with horizontal movement of the eye
-ex) difficulty with looking across the room as someone enters
Functions of the pre-frontal cortex (PFC)?
1) responsible for personality, motor planning and organization
2) Responsible for EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, which includes: planning complex cognitive behavior, decision making, working memory, attending to specific tasks, moderating social and moral behavior, having the ability to suppress urges
Damage to the Pre-frontal cortex (PFC) results in?
1) Changes in personality
2) DYSEXCUTIVE FUNCTION, which includes: cognitive behavioral and emotional problems with executive function such as social judgement, executive memory, abstract thinking, problem solving, decision making, controlling emotions, and regulating social and sexual behaviors
Functions of the Broca’s area are?
1) LEFT motor control of speech
2) responsible for speech PRODUCTION (note: in 97% of people, Broca’s area is only found on the left side of the brain)
Damage to the Broca’s area results in?
1) BROCA’s (MOTOR OR EXPRESSICE) APHASIA
2) Slow and slurred speech causes patient to become frustrated
When a patient can understand language, but cannot form words or put words together to form a sentence this is called?
Broca’s aphasia
What are the structures of the Parietal lobe?
1) Post-central gyrus
2) Superior parietal lobule
3) Inferior Parietal lobule
4) supramarginal gyrus
5) Angular gyrus
6) Wernick’s area
What is the functions of the Post-central gyrus?
1) processes and perceives pain, touch, temp, kinesthetic, spatial orientation and limb position
Damage to the Post-central gyrus results in?
CONTRALATERAL impairment of pain, touch, temp, pressure and proprioception