chapter 9 Flashcards
The thalamus is part of the?
Diencephalon
Both the right and left egg-shaped thalami make up the LATERAL WALLS of the?
Third ventricle
The vast majority of axons coursing the _________________ course from the thalamus?
Cerebral cortex
The thalamus contains about a dozen nuclei of _______________, each of which sends axons to the CEREBRAL CORTEX
Gray matter
The INTERNAL MEDULLARY LAMINA is a thin sheet of ______________ , that subdivides the thalamus into nuclear groups
myelinated fibers
The internal medullary lamina bifurcates ANTERIORLY creating boundaries for the:
1) anterior nuclear group
2) medial nuclear group
3) Lateral nuclear group
THE ANTERIOR AND MEDIAL subdivisions each have only ONE major nucleus, respectively called the:
1) Anterior nucleus
2) Dorsomedial nucleus
The LATERAL division, in contrast, contains an array of FOUR major nuclei. From ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR they are the:
1) Ventral anterior (VA) nucleus
2) Ventral lateral (VL) nucleus
3) Ventral posterior nucleus
4) Lateral and medial geniculate nuclei
The VENTRAL POSTERIOR NUCLEUS, contains two functional subdivisions:
1) Ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus
2) Ventral Posteromedial (VMP) nucleus
The thalamus is a __________________ that contains nuclei for pathways involved in somatic and special senses.
SENSORY relay center
The ________________ is the INFERIOR division of the DIENCEPHALON
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus forms the INFEROLATERAL WALLS of the __________________
third ventricle
The hypothalamus contains about a dozen nuclei of ___________________
GRAY MATTER
On the inferior side of the brain, what lies between the OPTIC CHIASMA and the posterior border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES
Hypothalamus
The mammillary bodies are rounded bumps that bulge from the posterior hypothalamic floor. They are the start of the MAMMILLOTHALAMIC TRACT, which is part of the __________________?
Limbic system
What projects INFERIORLY from the hypothalamus?
Pituitary gland
The hypothalamus is the main ________________________ of the body, regulating many activities of the visceral organs.
Visceral control center
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
1) Control of the ANS, maintaining homeostasis and regulating the activity of visceral organs
2) Center for emotional response and reproductive behavior
3) regulation of body temp
4) Control of the endocrine system
5) involved with the centers for hunger and thirst
6) Control of sleep-wake cycles along with the reticular activating system (RAS) and other regions of the brain
7) Regulation of many daily rhythms associated with the body’s biological clock
What is the most DORSAL PART of the DIENCEPHALON, lying posterior to the thalamus?
Eputhalamus
The epithalamus form the roof of the ______________
3rd ventricle
What contains a tiny group of nuclei and small, UNPAIRED KNOB called the PINEAL BODY?
Epithalamus
Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pineal body secretes? A hormone that signals the body to prepare for the nighttime stage of the sleep-wake cycle asa part of circadian rhythm.
Melatonin
What is associated with brainstem activity and sexual development?
Epithalamus
What helps to regulate motor pathways and emotions?
Epithalamus
