Chapter 8

Question 1

3 main categories of reading disability

Answer 1

1. Dyslexia
2. Language-based learning disability
3. Hyperlexia

Question 2

___ is also known as “specific reading disability”

Answer 2

Dyslexia

Question 3

The primary symptom is poor phonemic awareness

Answer 3

Dyslexia

Question 4

In ____ children perform normally on receptive/expressive language test but poor on reading tests.

Answer 4

Dyslexia

Question 5

___ is usually an inherited disability

Answer 5

Dyslexia

Question 6

____ is more generalized language disability that includes deficiencies in all areas of language

Answer 6

Language-based learning disability

Question 7

Language-based learning disability perform poorly on ____ language tests and reading test

Answer 7

Receptive/expressive

Question 8

Ability to read words significantly above age expectations but without comprehension of what is read

Answer 8

Hyperlexia

Question 9

Described reading as a developmental process

Answer 9

Psychologist Jeanne Chall

Question 10

Jeanne Chall was an advocate for ____

Answer 10

Phonetics-based reading instruction

Question 11

Children ___ to ___ through 3rd grade

Answer 11

learn to read

Question 12

After 3rd grade, children ___ to ___

Answer 12

Read to learn

Question 13

In 4th grade, student face more _______, ____, ______

Answer 13

Complex sentence structures, abstract concepts, and advanced vocabulary

Question 14

Reading precedes the development of writing. True or false

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Preschool-age children with oral language deficits are at ____ of developing written language deficits in their school years

Answer 15

High risk

Question 16

Early indicators of reading disabilities include:

Answer 16

Family history of reading disability
First word not produced until after 15 months
Words not combined until after 24 months

Question 17

Early indicators of reading disability:

Answer 17

Difficulty pronouncing words past 6 years
Poor awareness and memory for rhymes during preschool
Inability to segment words into syllables before age 5

Question 18

Clients with a reading disability are most likely to struggle with the following:

Answer 18

Phonological awareness
Word fluency
Reading fluency
Narrative or schema knowledge

Question 19

The most distinguishing factor of reading disability is ____

Answer 19

Poor phonological awareness

Question 20

____ refers to the struggle to recognize rhymes and syllable or word patterns

Answer 20

Phonological

Question 21

____ refers to the struggle identifying and blending together individual phonemes in words

Answer 21

Phonemic

Question 22

questions to ask to gain further information about phonological and phonemic awareness

Answer 22

Can the child count phonemes in a word?
Can the child produce individual sounds?
Can the child delete or add sounds to words?
Can the child blends sounds that are presented in insulation from word to word?
Can the child compare sounds from different words? (Which words begin with the same letter?)

Question 23

Rapid Auotamed naming (RAN)

Answer 23

Word fluency

Question 24

___ refers to the ability to name symbols, words, or pictures rapidly

Answer 24

Word fluency

Question 25

Word fluency is a skill based on ___ not ___

Answer 25

Speed; accuracy

Question 26

Poor readers are usually able to name symbols, words, or pictures but are characteristically slower than skilled readers

Answer 26

Word fluency

Question 27

Measure of the average number of words an individual correctly reads per minute

Answer 27

Reading fluency

Question 28

How to calculate reading fluency

Answer 28

1. Count the number of correctly read words in a passage. 2. Multiply the number by 60. 3. Determine the number of seconds taken to read the passage. 4. Divide the number obtained in step 2 by the number obtained in step 3.

Question 29

The knowledge of story structure

Answer 29

Narrative schema knowledge

Question 30

Main characters, time, place, & context

Answer 30

Setting

Question 31

Situation that sets up conflict or dilemma

Answer 31

Initiating event

Question 32

Characters’ plan or response to the initiating event

Answer 32

Internal response

Question 33

The actions taken to resolve the conflict or dilemma

Answer 33

Attempt

Question 34

The success or failure of the attempt/resolution

Answer 34

Consequences

Question 35

The character’s reaction to he resolution

Answer 35

Reaction

Question 36

Read a short story and ask comprehension questions. Such as:

Answer 36

Who was in the story? Where did the story take place? What was the problem in the story? How was the problem solved? What happened in the end? What is the title of the story?

Question 37

How to assess narrative schema knowledge

Answer 37

Read a short story and ask comprehension questions Ask the client to retell a known story

Question 38

____ is considered the most complex form of language

Answer 38

Writing

Question 39

In many cases, a child’s language difficulties are most pronounced in his/her writing . True or false

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Writing disfluencies likely include:

Answer 40

Spelling errors Syntactic and semantic errors Omissions of words or word ending

Question 41

How many sentences are there? How many clauses? How many different ideas? How many words are there all together?

Answer 41

Productivity

Question 42

How many different clause types are there? How complex are they? How many grammatically correct sentences?

Answer 42

Complexity

Question 43

Is the form appropriate for the topic? Is it written well for the intended audience?

Answer 43

Appropriateness for audience and topic

Question 44

Writing takes on different forms depending on the audience and writer’s purpose. True or false

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Assessment for all writing should focus on:

Answer 45

Productivity Complexity Appropriateness for audience and topic Cohesiveness Mechanics Analytic aspects

Question 46

Is it organized well? Does it make sense?

Answer 46

Cohesiveness

Question 47

Are words spelled correctly? Is punctuation correct? Are capital letters used?

Answer 47

Mechanics

Question 48

Does the writing have the intended effect? How successful can the writer revise and edit his or her own work?

Answer 48

Analytic aspects

Question 49

A clients teacher can not provide writing samples. True or false

Answer 49

False. A clients teacher can often can often provide writing samples

Question 50

There are also several commercially available tests for assessment of writing skills such as, Test of Written Language, 4th ed. True or false

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Test for assessment of writing skills known as

Answer 51

Test of written langue 4th ed. (TOEL-4)

Question 52

There is only one available test for assessment of writing skills. True or false

Answer 52

False. There are several commercially available tests for assessment of writing skills.

Question 53

For an assessment of writing skills, a clients teacher can often provide writing samples. True or false

Answer 53

True

Question 54

____ tells a story or shares an experience

Answer 54

Narrative writing

Question 55

Narrative writing can be fiction or nonfiction. True or false

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Analyze _____ the same as oral narratives with additional attention paid to writing mechanisms

Answer 56

Written narratives

Question 57

Analyze similarities and differences from oral and written narratives in these areas:

Answer 57

Does the child use vocabulary in speaking that is not used in writing? What word forms are used in writing as opposed to speaking? In which sample is sentence complexity greater?

Question 58

____ is an advanced form of writing

Answer 58

Expository writing

Question 59

Nonfiction essay writing and its purpose is to explain, describe and inform

Answer 59

Expository writing

Question 60

In expository writing, personal feelings or opinions should not be included. True or false

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Expository writing follows a three-part format:

Answer 61

1. The thesis statement in the opening paragraph 2. Each supporting paragraph presents a different central idea that substantiates the thesis. All sentences factually relate to the paragraph’s central idea. Transition words and phrases help the reader follow the writer’s logic. 3. The concluding paragraph restates the thesis. New material is NOT introduced.

Question 62

Expository writing is seen in _____ through _____ & ____

Answer 62

Upper elementary grades through high school & college

Question 63

Students with expositiory writing deficits are at risk for _________ & _______

Answer 63

Significant academic and lifelong studies

Question 64

The MOST advanced form of writing is ____

Answer 64

Persuasive writing

Question 65

Persuasive writing includes _____, supported by _____

Answer 65

Opinion, supported by factual information

Question 66

Persuasive writing follows a three-part format:

Answer 66

1. The opening paragraph contains the topic sentence, which is a statement of a position, not a fact. 2. The supporting paragraph present specific evidence, examples, or statistics to support the position statement. Each sentence clearly and logically relates to the sentence before it and to the topic sentence. Statements of transition are important so that the reader can follow the writer’s logic. 3. The concluding paragraph restates the topic sentence and the most compelling supportive evidence. No new material is introduced.

Question 67

____ can provide valuable diagnostic information about phonological awareness, phonemic knowledge and language in general

Answer 67

Spelling

Question 68

More commonly, poor spelling reveals weakness in one or more of the following areas:

Answer 68

Phonemic awareness Orthographic knowledge Semantic knowledge Morphological knowledge

Question 69

English may not be spoken in the home, or if spoken, may be a poor model

Answer 69

Family background considerations

Question 70

Children from homes in which the parents are ______ may not experience exposure to literature that facilitates the development of reading and writing

Answer 70

Not highly educated

Question 71

A students level of progress on the continuum of second-language acquisition needs to considered when assessing reading and writing aptitude

Answer 71

Cognitive academic language proficiency