Chapter 8

Question 1

carboxylic acid

Answer 1

-oic acid

Question 2

carboxylic acid salt

Answer 2

-oate

Question 3

dicarboxylic acid

Answer 3

oxalic acid, malonic, succinic or -dioic acid

Question 4

carboxylic acid properties

Answer 4

polar, can make H bonds, high intermolecular attractions, increase bp and mp

acidity due to resonance

Question 5

dicarboxylic acid properties

Answer 5

EWG

second proton is less acidic

Question 6

nucleophilic acyl substitution

Answer 6

nucleophilic addition to form tetra intermediate

then water leaves and carbonyl reforms

includes amide, ester, eswter anhydride

Question 7

amide formation

Answer 7

uses ammonia (NH3) or amino as nucleophile

C acid derivative with N and H,R

replaces -oic with -amide

Question 8

ester formation

Answer 8

carboxylic acid + ROH with acid to form ester and water

names -oate

Question 9

anhydride formation

Answer 9

carboxylic acid condensation

Question 10

decarboxylation

Answer 10

loss of carbonyl as CO2 and replace with hydrogen

nucleophile and electrophile in same molecule

cyclic transition state

Question 11

saponification

Answer 11

long chain of carboxylic acid reacts with Na/KOH to form salt