Chapter 8

Question 1

The larynx is located at the top of the trachea

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The more massive the vocal folds, the higher the pitch of the voice

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Harsh voice results when the folds do not have enough tension in them

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The vocal folds that vibrate are a pair of muscles called the the thyroarytenoid muscles

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Hoarse voice is both harsh and breathy

Answer 5

Trues

Question 6

excessive nasal resonance on non-nasal sounds

Answer 6

hypernsality

Question 7

Voice disorders due to vocal abuse

Answer 7

are still due to laryngeal structural changes

Question 8

Aphonia means

Answer 8

no voice

Question 9

a kind of growth on the laryngeal structures
more common in children than in adults
surgically excised

Answer 9

Papilloma

Question 10

Spasmodic dysphonia is associated with

Answer 10

unusual vocal fold tension

Question 11

Modification of the laryngeal tone by structures above it is known as _________

Answer 11

resonance

Question 12

High pitch is _______ frequent in the male than in the female.

Answer 12

more

Question 13

An important task in voice therapy is to reduce vocally ______

Answer 13

abusive behaviors

Question 14

What percentage of the population may have a voice disorder

Answer 14

3 to 10%%

Question 15

SLPs report that ____ to ____ of children on their caseloads may have a voice disorder

Answer 15

2%, 4%

Question 16

A sensation based on the frequency of vocal fold vibrations.

Answer 16

pitch

Question 17

The _______ the frequency the ______ the perceived pitch of voice.

Answer 17

higher

greater

Question 18

the average rate at which the folds vibrate

Answer 18

fundamental frequency

Question 19

A sensation based on the intensity of the sound signal.

Answer 19

Loudness

Question 20

The ________ intense a sound signal, the _______ its perceived loudness

Answer 20

more

greater

Question 21

the extent to which the molecules of air or other mediums move.

Answer 21

Amplitude

Question 22

The ______ the amplitude, the _______ the sound

Answer 22

greater

louder

Question 23

______ voice is accompanied by unnecessary air leakage that adds noise to the sound because of slightly open vocal folds during phonation.

Answer 23

Breathy

Question 24

The modification of the laryngeal tone by the cavities of the throat, mouth, and nose, which lie above the vocal folds

Answer 24

Resonance

Question 25

the a patient usually speaks in whispers there is no phonation, no sound the vocal folds are abducted during speech at times a breathy or hoarse voice may return

Answer 25

Aphonia

Question 26

_______aphonia is related to stress, anxiety, psychological trauma.

Answer 26

Functional

Question 27

_______ aphasia may be caused by an injured or impaired larynx and absent laryngeal structures.

Answer 27

Organic

Question 28

Lesions of the vagus nerve may paralyze the vocal folds and cause _______ aphonia

Answer 28

neurological

Question 29

disorders of loudness, pitch, vocal quality and resonance

Answer 29

Dysphonia

Question 30

______ loud voice is ______ frequently observed that a faint voice.

Answer 30

excessively | less

Question 31

The pitch ______ is due to the increase in the mass and size of their larynx.

Answer 31

drop

Question 32

persistence of high pitch in adult females is ______

Answer 32

rare

Question 33

pitch disorders due to hormonal changes are ______ frequent in females than in males.

Answer 33

more

Question 34

________ is due to laryngeal pathologies, vocal fold paralysis, edemal, cancerous growth on the folds, and polyps may all cause a breathy voice.

Answer 34

clinically significant breathiness

Question 35

refers to an unpleasant strident rough or grating voice

Answer 35

harshness

Question 36

Disorders of _______ resonance are primarily due to the tongue position during phonation and the extent of the jaw movement.

Answer 36

oral

Question 37

Causes of Hypernasality

Answer 37

``` palatal clefts general velopharyngeal inadequacy adenoidectomy/tonsilextomy paralysis of the velum deafness ```

Question 38

____________ is a lack of nasal resonance or insufficient nasal resonance on nasal sounds.

Answer 38

hyponasality

Question 39

Hyponasality is usually caused by _______ obstructions such as nasal polyps and tumors.

Answer 39

structural

Question 40

The vocal folds can be paralyzed when the _________ laryngeal nerve is damaged during neck and chest surgery

Answer 40

Recurrent

Question 41

____________ is the surgical removal of the larynx. The patient loses the normal source of sound.

Answer 41

laryngectomy

Question 42

Papillomas are found more frequently in ________

Answer 42

children

Question 43

The voice of someone with papilloma sounds ______ and ______

Answer 43

breathy | hoarse

Question 44

a thin membrane that grows across and closes some or most of the opening between the folds is called a ______

Answer 44

laryngeal web

Question 45

small nodes that develop on the anterior and middle third portion of the vocal folds

Answer 45

vocal nodules

Question 46

vocal nondules are most frequently seen in children and adults who _______ and _____

Answer 46

scream | yell

Question 47

by increasing the mass of the folds, vocal nodules cause _______vibrations which causeses air leakege during phonation ________

Answer 47

slower | breathy voice and hoarseness

Question 48

masses that grow and bulge out from teh surrounding tissue

Answer 48

polyps

Question 49

polyps are seen more often in _______

Answer 49

adults

Question 50

________ are softer may be fluid filled, may have vascular tissue, are often unilateral

Answer 50

polyps

Question 51

Polyps may develop after a single episode of ________ and _______, and cause ________ and __________

Answer 51

screaming, yelling | breathiness, hoarseness

Question 52

A strangled, squeezed choppy, harsh and breathy voice is known as ________ _________

Answer 52

spasmodic dysphonia

Question 53

Spasmodic dysphonina is seen more frequently in ______

Answer 53

adults

Question 54

there might be either a tight adduction or abduction of the folds or a combination of the two in spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Who deals with the health and diseases of the larynx

Answer 55

ENT

Question 56

Instruments used in voice assessment include the following:

Answer 56

electromyography visi-pitch nasometer

Question 57

The clinician's job is to teach the client to avoid or reduce the following:

Answer 57

``` excessive talking talking too loudly talking in noisy places frequently clearing the throat smoking screaming and yelling ```

Question 58

esophagus is also a source of ______

Answer 58

sound

Question 59

The esophagus may be made to produce sound by first inhaling air into it and then releasing it in the form of a belch. The belching sounds is then articulated into speech sounds. The speech produced by this means is known as ________ ______.

Answer 59

esophageal speech

Question 60

laryngeal cancer accounts for ____ to _____ of human cancer.

Answer 60

3% to 5%