Chapter 8

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

Measures of memory

Answer 2

Recall
Recognition
Relearning

Question 3

Recall

Answer 3

Retrieving information that is not currently in conscious awareness but was learned an early time

Question 4

Recognition

Answer 4

Identity items previously learned

Question 5

Relearning

Answer 5

Learning something more quickly when encountering it a second or later time

Question 6

Information-processing model

Answer 6

Compares human memory to computer operations
Involves three processes: Encoding, storage retrieval

Question 7

Sensory memory

Answer 7

The immediate process of memory

Question 8

Short term memory

Answer 8

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

Question 9

Long term memory

Question 10

working memory

Question 11

automatic processes

Answer 11

process info outside of being consciously aware

Question 12

central executive

Answer 12

working memory decides if you remember it or not

Question 13

explicit memory

Answer 13

esaily recall and explain activly try to learn it

Question 14

Implicit memory

Answer 14

memories you don’t conciues think about or actively try to remember ex: middle name

Question 15

procedural memory

Answer 15

or automatic skills and classically conditioned associations among stimuli.

Question 16

Information is automatically processed

Answer 16

Time, space, frequency

Question 17

Effortful processing / explicit memories

Answer 17

practicing makes explicit memories become automatic

Question 18

George Miller

Answer 18

magical number 7+/-2

Question 19

Baddeley

Answer 19

without distraction person can remember 7 numbers, 6 letters, 5 words

Question 20

Chunking:

Answer 20

Organization of items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Question 21

Mnemonics

Answer 21

memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
PEMDAS

Question 22

Hierarchie

Answer 22

Organization of items into a few broad categories that are divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts

Question 23

Massed practice

Answer 23

Produces speedy short-term learning and feelings of confidence

Question 24

Distributed practice

Answer 24

Produces better long-term recall

Question 25

Shallow processing

Answer 25

encodes information on a very basic level (a word’s letters) or a more intermediate level (a word’s sound)

Question 26

Testing effect

Answer 26

Retrieval practice effect or test- enhanced effect; repeated self-testing

Question 27

self-reference effect.

Answer 27

Individualist Western cultures tend to exhibit

Question 28

Collectivist Eastern cultures

Answer 28

end to remember self-relevant and family-relevant information equally well.

Question 29

Deep processing

Answer 29

Encodes information semantically based on word meaning

Question 30

Elaboration

Answer 30

give what learning extra meaning by relating othering thing you know transfer info into long term memory

Question 31

Generation effect

Answer 31

creating information yourself,rather than just copying

Question 32

Testing effect

Answer 32

making your own questions

Question 33

Spacing effect

Answer 33

remember information other shorter sessions in between

Question 34

Familiarity effect:

Answer 34

rereading makes material more familiar.

Question 35

Procedural

Answer 35

Muscle coordination IMPLICIT