Chapter 8 Flashcards
(63 cards)
What did James Madison do?
Founding father
Fourth president
Serious patriot
Served in Congress during the war and tried to get the states to work together
After declaring independence what did Congress do? Why did it fail?
-Tried to unite states under one national gov.
-People feared a strong central government would take away their rights
What did the Articles do?
“Created a firm league of friendship” between the states
States cooperated for common purposes
Who ran the Articles & how many votes did each state have in it?
Congress
1
What could the Articles not do?
Could not create a national army
No chief executive
Amendments required all 13 states to agree
New laws needed 9/13 states to approve
Couldn’t force states to pay owed debts
No national court system
Could not settle disputes between states
No power to tax- could only ask
Difference between amendments and laws?
Amendments are refinements to something that is already in place
A new law is a completely new piece of legislation
What was the (non-existent) national court system?
There was no judiciary to interpret or enforce laws at the national level
What did Congress pass to settle disputes between who owned what land?
The Land Ordinance of 1785
What was the Land Ordinance of 1785
- western lands divided into 6 mile squares (townships)
-each township divided into 36 sections of 640 acres
-1 section of each township was set aside for public schools
Where were the townships laid out?
In Ohio Valley, then known as Northwest Territory
What was the Northwest Territory?
Bounded by Ohio & Mi rivers and the Great Lakes
Who gave the US the Northwest Territory
The Treaty of Paris in 1783
Northwest Ordinance
-law passed by Congress that specified how Western lands be governed
-divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories, each governed by a territorial governor.
-When territory had 5,000 free adult males, it could elect its own legislature, or lawmaking body
-When population reached 60,000 it could apply to Congress to become a state
What else did the NW Ordinance include?
A list of rights that gave settlers the same privileges as other citizens except for slavery, which was banned
What happened before the debate developed on how land should be acquired?
The 13 states ceded claims to land between APPALACHIAN AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER to the federal gov
What document did the Northwest Ordinance follow?
The principles outline by Thomas Jefferson in the Ordinance of 1784
Who were the authors of the Ordinance?
Nathan Dane
Rufus King
Where was the Ordinance used?
As the country expanded to the Pacific
What was the first principal in the document?
The Northwest Territory would be divided into less than 5 but more than 3 states
What happened in the first stage of admitting a new state to the Union?
Congressionally appointed governor
Secretary
Three judges to rule
Second phase of Northwest Ordinance?
+elected assembly & one non voting delegate elected in the 2nd phase when the population reached 5000 free males of full age
What happened when the population reached 60,000?
A state constitution would be drafted and membership to the Union would be requested
What did the bill of rights say In the Northwest Ordinance?
protected religious freedom, the right to a write of habeas corpus, the benefit to trial by jury, & other individual rights
encouraged education
forbade slavery
What did Shays and his men do to rebel?
Closed down courthouses to keep judges from taking their farms
Marched on the national arsenal at Springfield and seized the weapons
